Novel Methods to Observe Heat and Ice in the High Latitudes Using PIES

使用 PIES 观测高纬度地区的热量和冰的新方法

• 批准号: 1332911
• 负责人: Magdalena Andres
• 金额: $ 48.3万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2017-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1332911&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Novel; Methods; Observe; Heat; Ice

This project will develop and test a non-traditional method to measure the time-varying heat content and vertical temperature profile in high-latitude seas, shelves, and fjords using pressure-sensor-equipped inverted echo sounders (PIES). PIES, which are installed on the seafloor below the reach of destructive iceberg keels, present a promising and inexpensive way to improve understanding of fjord dynamics and shelf-fjord interactions and will increase long-term monitoring capabilities in high latitudes where remoteness and harsh conditions hamper traditional in situ observation techniques. The use of PIES to characterize variability at high latitudes is a novel repurposing of an existing technology, but rests on the same principle as the traditional blue-water uses for PIES: due to the dependence of sound speed on temperature, the surface-to-bottom round-trip acoustic-travel-time associated with reflections between the PIES and the air-sea interface is an excellent proxy for heat content in the intervening water column. Furthermore, since reflections from seawater-ice interfaces are also detected when ice is present, PIES also provide a means to characterize the ice component in high-latitude systems. The PIs propose to develop these methods with existing PIES data collected in a 1-year test deployment in Sermilik Fjord in eastern Greenland and with observations to be collected in a 2-year deployment of three PIES in the fjord and on the nearby shelf.

该项目将开发和测试一种非传统方法，使用配备压力传感器的倒置回声测深仪（PIES）测量高纬度海洋、陆架和峡湾中随时间变化的热含量和垂直温度分布。 PIES安装在破坏性冰山龙骨所及范围以下的海底，为增进对峡湾动态和陆架峡湾相互作用的了解提供了一种有前途且廉价的方法，并将提高在偏远和恶劣条件阻碍的高纬度地区的长期监测能力传统的现场观测技术。使用 PIES 来表征高纬度地区的变化是对现有技术的一种新颖的重新利用，但其原理与 PIES 的传统蓝水用途相同：由于声速对温度的依赖性，表面到 -与 PIES 和海气界面之间的反射相关的底部往返声传播时间是中间水柱中热含量的极好代表。此外，由于当存在冰时也会检测到海水-冰界面的反射，因此 PIES 还提供了一种表征高纬度系统中冰成分的方法。 PI 建议利用格陵兰岛东部塞尔米利克峡湾为期 1 年的测试部署中收集的现有 PIES 数据以及峡湾和附近陆架的 3 个 PIES 的 2 年部署中收集的观测数据来开发这些方法。