Variations in Vulnerability to Victimization: Identifying Individual and Community Factors

受害脆弱性的变化：识别个人和社区因素

• 批准号: 1338616
• 负责人: Amy Kate Bailey
• 金额: $ 19.96万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-08-01 至 2017-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1338616&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Variations; Vulnerability; Victimization; Identifying; Individual

SES-1338616Amy Kate BaileyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoIntergroup conflict is typically rooted in competition for some sort of socially valued good. Community-level theories predict that conflict increases when one group threatens the status, authority, or material resources of the other group. That might suggest that the individuals selected as victims would be those whose characteristics pose the greatest threat to prevailing social arrangements -- those who are the most successful. Research on both historical lynching and contemporary bias crimes, however, tells us that it is people who have lower socioeconomic status, fewer apparent social ties, who are chosen as victims, but also tells us that people victimized by more and less severe attacks often differ from each other. This study will help to resolve this tension between theories that explain the emergence of conflict and those that explain both the selection of victims and the severity of their victimization. It will incorporate the social, policy, and economic context of intergroup conflict; the severity of victimization; and the relative and absolute characteristics of victims themselves. It will expand understanding of the role of victim characteristics by allowing the researcher to identify how individual traits are related to victimization itself as well as the severity of attack, once a person has been selected as a potential target of intergroup violence. While lynching is largely an historic practice, victimization based on gender, perceived sexual identity, race/ethnicity, religious adherence, and economic status continues to plague societies around the globe. This project will help reframe our understanding of the dynamics of victimization in multiple ways. The researcher will use historical census records to locate individuals who were threatened with lynching, but not killed, in ten Southern states across a span of 50 years (1882 - 1930). Records for these intended victims, and all other people in their households, will be merged with existing data on people who were lynched, as well as on nonvictim members of their communities. Comparing these groups will allow the researcher to identify the characteristics that put individuals at risk of various levels of victimization. The investigator will also incorporate county-level social, demographic, economic, and political data to determine which community factors placed high and low status people at elevated risk of victimization. Data, including a database and "case files" with research notes and historical documents for each case, will be distributed via a public web site.Broader ImpactThis project will promote training and learning by incorporating graduate and undergraduate students at an urban, public university in the conduct, presentation, and publication of research. The quantitative analyses, identifying the characteristics that predicted victimization and its severity, as well as the contextual factors that put individuals with particular characteristics at risk, will help us better understand contemporary bias crime and ethnic conflict. Finally, the interactive elements of the website develops and implements a new model of incorporating broader public participation in the collection of social scientific data, allowing members of the public to conduct their own archival research and contribute to the development of our data. The publicly-available website will allow academics, amateur researchers, and genealogists to access information on lynched and intended victims, and help improve the quality of the data.

伊利诺伊州伊利诺伊州的SES-1338616 AMY KATE BAILEYUNIVERSTIOS在芝加哥分类集团冲突中通常植根于争夺某种社会价值的竞争。 社区级理论预测，当一个人群体威胁另一组的地位，权威或物质资源时，冲突会增加。 这可能表明，被选为受害者的个人是那些特征对盛行社会安排构成最大威胁的人 - 最成功的人。 然而，对历史私刑和当代偏见犯罪的研究告诉我们，社会经济地位较低的人被选为受害者，而明显的社会联系较少，但也告诉我们，受到越来越严重攻击的人通常会彼此差异。这项研究将有助于解决解释冲突出现的理论与解释受害者选择和受害的严重性的理论之间的紧张关系。它将结合群体间冲突的社会，政策和经济背景；受害的严重性；以及受害者本身的相对和绝对特征。 它将通过允许研究人员确定单个特征与受害本身以及攻击的严重程度如何相关的受害者特征的作用的理解，一旦将一个人选为群体间暴力的潜在目标。尽管私刑在很大程度上是一种历史实践，但基于性别，感知的性认同，种族/种族，宗教依从性和经济地位的受害者仍在困扰全球各地的社会。 该项目将有助于通过多种方式重新理解对受害动力的理解。研究人员将使用历史人口普查记录来定位在50年（1882年至1930年）中，在十个南部州受到威胁但未被杀害的个人。 这些预期的受害者以及家庭中所有其他人的记录将与现有的数据合并，这些数据与被私刑的人以及其社区的非维克蒂姆成员合并。比较这些群体将使研究人员能够确定使个人面临各种受害水平的特征。 调查人员还将纳入县级的社会，人口，经济和政治数据，以确定哪些社区因素使人们处于受害风险较高的人中。 数据，包括数据库和“案例文件”，其中包括每个情况的研究说明和历史文档，将通过公共网站分发。BoaderImpactthis Project将通过在城市，公立大学中纳入研究，介绍和发表研究的城市公立大学，通过纳入研究生和本科生来促进培训和学习。定量分析确定了预测受害及其严重性的特征，以及使个人处于危险中的个人的上下文因素，将有助于我们更好地了解当代偏见犯罪和种族冲突。最后，网站的互动元素开发并实施了一种新的模型，该模型将更广泛的公众参与收集社会科学数据，使公众能够进行自己的档案研究，并为我们的数据的发展做出贡献。公共可用的网站将允许学者，业余研究人员和家谱学家访问有关私刑和意图受害者的信息，并帮助提高数据质量。