Coastal SEES (Track 2), Collaborative: Developing High Performance Green Infrastructure Systems to Sustain Coastal Cities

沿海 SEES（轨道 2），协作：开发高性能绿色基础设施系统以维持沿海城市

• 批准号: 1325185
• 负责人: Krista McGuire
• 金额: $ 20.58万
• 依托单位: Barnard College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-15 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1325185&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Coastal; SEES; Track; Collaborative; Developing

Discharge of wastewater, sewerage and runoff from coastal cities remains the dominant sources of coastal zone pollution. The impervious nature of modern cities is only exacerbating this problem by increasing runoff from city surfaces, triggering combined sewer overflow events in cities with single-pipe wastewater conveyance systems and intensifying urban flooding. Many coastal cities, including US cities like Seattle, New York and San Francisco, are turning to urban green infrastructure (GI) to mitigate the city's role in coastal zone pollution. Urban GI, such as green roofs, green streets, advanced street-tree pits, rainwater gardens and bio-swales, introduce vegetation and perviousness back into city landscapes, thereby reducing the volume and pollutant loading of urban runoff. Urban GI, however, also has co-benefits that are equally important to coastal city sustainability. For example, increasing vegetation and perviousness within city boundaries can help cool urban environments, trap harmful air-borne particulates, increase biodiversity and promote public health and well-being. Despite the significance of these co-benefits, most current urban GI programs still focus on achieving volume reduction of storm water through passive detention and retention of rainfall or runoff. Holistic approaches to GI design that consider multiple sustainability goals are rare, and real time monitoring and active control systems that help ensure individual or networked GI meet performance goals over desired time-scales are lacking. Furthermore, how city inhabitants view, interact with, and value GI is little studied or accounted for in current urban GI programs. This project will develop and test a new framework for the next generation of urban GI that exploits the multi-functionality of GI for coastal city sustainability, builds a platform for real-time monitoring and control of urban GI networks, and takes account of the role of humans in GI stewardship and long-term functionality. The project will use the Bronx River Sewershed in New York City, where a $20 million investment in GI is planed over the next 5-years, as its living test bed. GI has its roots in several disciplines, and the project brings together expertise from these disciplines, including civil and environmental engineering, environmental science, and plant science/ horticulture. In addition, the project integrates expertise from other disciplines needed to elevate GI performance to the next level, including urban planning and design, climate science, data science, environmental microbiology, environmental law and policy, inter-agency coordination, community outreach and citizen science. The specific outcomes of the project will include: (i) new, scientific data on the holistic, environmental performance of different GI interventions in an urban, coastal environment; (ii) new models for the system level performance of networks of GI interventions; (iii) methodologies for projecting GI performance under a changing climate; (iv) a platform for remote monitoring and control of GI; (v) proposals for law and policy changes to enable US coastal cities to introduce GI at scales necessary to meet sustainability goals, and (vi) new understanding of human-GI interactions and their role in the long-term performance and maintenance of urban GI. Engagement with schools in the Bronx River Sewershed and engagement of citizens in the GI performance monitoring are both important components of the project work. The interdisciplinary project team integrates academic expertise with expertise in industry, government and non-profit organizations.

从沿海城市排出废水，污水和径流仍然是沿海地区污染的主要来源。现代城市的不透水本质只会通过增加城市表面的径流来加剧这个问题，从而触发具有单层废水输送系统的城市中的组合下水道溢出事件并加剧城市洪水。包括西雅图，纽约和旧金山等美国城市在内的许多沿海城市都在转向城市绿色基础设施（GI），以减轻该市在沿海地区污染中的作用。 Urban Gi，例如绿色屋顶，绿色街道，高级街道树坑，雨水花园和生物熔炉，将植被和透明度引入城市风景，从而减少了城市径流的数量和污染物负荷。但是，Urban Gi也具有对沿海城市可持续性同样重要的共同利益。例如，城市界限内的植被和透视性的增加可以帮助凉爽的城市环境，捕获有害的空中颗粒物，增加生物多样性并促进公共卫生和福祉。尽管这些共同利益具有重要意义，但大多数当前的城市胃肠道计划仍然着重于通过被动拘留和保留降雨或径流来减少雨水的数量。考虑多个可持续性目标的GI设计的整体方法是罕见的，并且有助于确保缺乏所需时间尺度的个人或网络的实时监控和主动控制系统。此外，在当前的Urban GI计划中，很少研究或考虑城市居民如何与之互动，与价值GI进行互动和价值GI。该项目将开发并测试下一代城市GI的新框架，该框架利用了GI的多功能性，用于沿海城市的可持续性，为城市GI网络的实时监控和控制建立了一个平台，并考虑了人类在GI Steardship和长期功能中的作用。该项目将在纽约市使用布朗克斯河下水道，在未来5年内，计划对GI进行2000万美元的投资，作为其生活测试床。 GI源于几个学科，该项目汇集了这些学科的专业知识，包括民用和环境工程，环境科学以及植物科学/园艺。此外，该项目还将其他学科的专业知识融合在一起，将GI绩效提升到一个新的水平，包括城市规划和设计，气候科学，数据科学，环境微生物学，环境法和政策，机构间协调，社区外展和公民科学。 该项目的具体结果将包括：（i）关于城市沿海环境中不同GI干预措施的整体环境，环境表现的新的科学数据； （ii）GI干预网络的系统级别性能的新模型； （iii）在不断变化的气候下预测GI性能的方法； （iv）用于远程监视和控制GI的平台； （v）有关法律和政策变更的建议，使美国沿海城市能够以满足可持续性目标所必需的规模引入GI，以及（vi）对人类GI互动的新了解及其在城市GI的长期绩效和维护中的作用。在布朗克斯河下水道中与学校的互动以及公民参与GI绩效监控都是项目工作的重要组成部分。跨学科项目团队将学术专业知识与行业，政府和非营利组织方面的专业知识相结合。