RAPID: Impact of Hurricane Sandy on the Ecology of the New Jersey Shorelines: Recovery and Resilience

RAPID：桑迪飓风对新泽西海岸线生态的影响：恢复和恢复力

• 批准号: 1313185
• 负责人: Michel Boufadel
• 金额: $ 10万
• 依托单位: New Jersey Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1313185&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Impact; Hurricane; Sandy; Ecology

CBET - 1313185Michel C. BoufadelThe New Jersey Institute of TechnologyThe ecological resilience of the North Jersey shorelines was evaluated following Hurricane Sandy. Three locations were selected each representing a different ecosystem: Sand beaches in Raritan Bay, a wetland system, and a site on the Passaic River a mile inland of Newark Bay. These systems were historically freshwater to brackish, and it was important to quantify the stress within them as a result of the intrusion of large volumes of seawater and sand onto them. Sampling transects were set across sand beaches whose inland areas where flooded, and the flooding persisted one week after the end of the storm. The hypothesis was that this residential flooding altered the ambient flux of chemicals in terms of quality and quantity. Measurements of pore water are being acquired, and they are analyzed for nutrients, metals, and salinity. The wetland system was brackish, and the hypothesis to test was that the behavior of the wetland switched from methanogenesis to sulfate reduction. Sediment samples are being analyzed for sulfide, nutrients, metals (Iron, Manganese, etc), and PAHs. The model MARUN, a finite element model for density-dependent flow in variably-saturated media will be used to interpret the results. The hypothesis being tested is that the impairment of the Passaic River due to Hurricane Sandy is more severe than that due to Hurricane Irene due to the large storm surge of the prior.Coastal areas in urban centers are being stressed by increased population density and activity. While the quantification of this stress is challenging, it becomes extremely difficult in the presence of major but infrequent stressors such as hurricanes. In addition, urban coastlines consist of a mixture of anthropogenic structures, controlled (or regulated) estuaries, beach face morphology, and wetlands. Maintaining such a system whole requires various tools and measurements, each adapted to a particular ecosystem. In this project, site-specific measurements were made in three ecosystems: Beach face, wetland, and estuary residential areas, and the goal of the project is to provide data that could be used to better construct a model for coastline sustainability. The results of this study will be communicated to various stakeholders, including impacted local communities and the State of New Jersey.

CBET - 1313185Michel C. Boufadel新泽西理工学院在飓风桑迪之后评估了北泽西海岸线的生态恢复力。 选择了三个地点，每个地点代表不同的生态系统：拉里坦湾的沙滩、湿地系统以及纽瓦克湾内陆一英里的帕赛克河上的一个地点。 这些系统历史上都是淡水到咸水，因此量化由于大量海水和沙子入侵而产生的压力非常重要。 采样样线是在内陆地区被洪水淹没的沙滩上设置的，并且洪水在风暴结束后持续了一个星期。 假设是这次住宅洪水改变了环境中化学品的质量和数量。 正在获取孔隙水的测量结果，并分析它们的营养物、金属和盐度。 湿地系统是微咸的，要检验的假设是湿地的行为从产甲烷转变为硫酸盐还原。 正在分析沉积物样品中的硫化物、营养物、金属（铁、锰等）和多环芳烃。 MARUN 模型是可变饱和介质中密度相关流动的有限元模型，将用于解释结果。 正在检验的假设是，飓风桑迪对帕塞伊克河造成的损害比飓风艾琳造成的损害更严重，这是由于之前的风暴潮造成的。城市中心的沿海地区正面临着人口密度和活动增加的压力。 虽然这种压力的量化具有挑战性，但在飓风等主要但不常见的压力源存在的情况下，量化变得极其困难。 此外，城市海岸线由人类结构、受控（或调节）河口、海滩形态和湿地混合组成。 维护这样一个整体系统需要各种工具和测量方法，每种工具和测量方法都适合特定的生态系统。 在该项目中，对三个生态系统进行了特定地点的测量：海滩面、湿地和河口居住区，该项目的目标是提供可用于更好地构建海岸线可持续性模型的数据。 这项研究的结果将传达给各个利益相关者，包括受影响的当地社区和新泽西州。