SHF: Small: Foundations for User Interface Programming

SHF：小：用户界面编程的基础

• 批准号: 1320092
• 负责人: Dilma Da Silva
• 金额: $ 40万
• 依托单位: Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1320092&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SHF; Small; Foundations; User; Interface

More than one-third of all program code exists to implement user interfaces and this code contains an even larger portion of all defects. This is no surprise; user interface code is seldom reusable and current event-handling-based approaches to user interface programming require programmers to manage a large number of details; too many to consistently produce correct and rich user interface behaviors. The impact is experienced by all computer users: user interfaces get stuck, behave illogically, lose information, lack crucial or useful functionality, or are simply confusing. The result is user frustration and wasted effort, a very significant cost when aggregated over all users, and significant even to one user when aggregated over all of his or her computer use. This project seeks advances in user interface programming, studying a declarative approach where many behaviors of user interfaces can be expressed as reusable algorithms encoded in software libraries. This drastically reduces the details that an application programmer needs to be concerned with; application-specific "event handling" code is not necessary at all. The goal is to significantly reduce the cost of producing high quality user interfaces, and, indirectly through better user interfaces, to make our interactions with computers less frustrating and more productive.The proposed declarative programming approach is based on multi-way data-flow constraint systems, which are applied to model the data directly manipulated by user interfaces and the dependencies within that data. The project seeks to show that once an application programmer specifies such a constraint system and connects it to the visual elements of a user interface, a large class of the interface's behavior can be derived from reusable algorithms parametrized over the constraint system. Examples of such behaviors include updating values of elements based on user interaction on other user interface elements, enabling and disabling user interface elements, keeping the user interface maximally responsive by concurrently executing computations triggered by users' interactions, managing changes in the structure of the user interface, and correctly orchestrating all of the above.

所有程序代码的三分之一以上都存在以实现用户界面，并且该代码包含所有缺陷的更大部分。这不足为奇；用户界面代码很少可重复使用，并且基于事件处理的当前用户界面编程方法需要程序员来管理大量详细信息；太多了，无法始终产生正确且丰富的用户界面行为。所有计算机用户都经历了影响：用户界面被卡住，不合规，丢失信息，缺乏关键或有用的功能，或者只是令人困惑。 结果是用户的挫败感和浪费的努力，当汇总所有用户时，这是非常重要的成本，即使在他或她的计算机使用中汇总时，对于一个用户来说，甚至对一个用户来说都是重要的。该项目寻求用户界面编程的进步，研究一种声明性方法，其中许多用户界面的行为可以表示为软件库中编码的可重复使用算法。这大大减少了应用程序编程人员需要关注的细节；完全不需要应用程序特定的“事件处理”代码。目的是显着降低生产高质量的用户界面的成本，并通过更好的用户界面间接地降低，使我们与计算机的互动降低了令人沮丧和效率更高。拟议的声明性编程方法基于多通道数据流约束系统，这些系统可用于模拟通过用户Interface和该数据中的依赖项直接对数据进行模型。该项目试图表明，一旦应用程序程序员指定了这种约束系统并将其连接到用户界面的可视化元素，则可以从约束系统参数的可重复使用的算法得出界面行为的大类行为。 此类行为的示例包括根据其他用户界面元素上的用户交互更新元素的值，启用和禁用用户界面元素，通过同时执行用户交互触发的计算，管理用户界面的结构变化，并正确地策划上述所有内容，从而保持用户界面的最大响应性。