CNH-Ex: Quantifying Linkages Among Land-Use Policies, Agricultural Intensification, Habitat Fragmentation, and Social-Ecological Resilience in a Tropical Biological Corridor

CNH-Ex：量化热带生物走廊土地利用政策、农业集约化、栖息地破碎化和社会生态恢复力之间的联系

• 批准号: 1313824
• 负责人: Lisette Waits
• 金额: $ 24.87万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Idaho
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-08-15 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1313824&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CNH; Ex; Quantifying; Linkages; Among

This project is about understanding the interactions between land-use policies, agricultural rural development and land use change in tropical landscapes, and how these changes affect the resilience of and relationships between human populations and the natural ecosystems present in these landscapes. Millions of hectares of tropical forests have been converted to agriculture leaving behind patches of remnant natural forest embedded in an agricultural matrix. Historically, this agricultural matrix was dominated by subsistence crops and pasture, but in some areas this land is rapidly being replaced with intensive plantation agriculture for soybean, banana, and pineapple production. In contrast with more traditional land uses, these crops require higher inputs of labor, money, agrochemicals, and infrastructure. The impacts of this new land conversion trend are not well understood, but preliminary studies suggest that intensive plantation agriculture may drive dramatic demographic and economic changes in local communities and have profound effects on ecological systems. Ultimately, these impacts will change the ability of these human and ecological communities to maintain resilience to future change. Thus, a better understanding is needed of the relationships among land-use policies, ecosystem structure and function, and the decisions and actions of local communities and land managers that ultimately determine where and how fast intensive plantation agriculture will spread. This project will evaluate these relationships in the model system of the San Juan-La Selva Biological Corridor in Costa Rica. Specifically, this research will address a variety of research questions, such as: What national policies led to the establishment and spread of intensive non-traditional plantation crops? For three focal regions, what is the status of the social and ecological indicators of resilience? How will current and alternative policy scenarios affect future land use patterns, and how will these affect ecological resilience? How does future scenario modeling of projected land use changes influence the perceptions of community members and land managers about their future social and ecological resilience? This effort incorporates stakeholder input at every step of the research; implements two new ecological approaches, functional traits analysis and landscape genetics; and explicitly measures both social and ecological resilience in the same system and at multiple spatial and temporal scales.Findings from this research will advance understanding of how human communities and ecosystems respond to agricultural intensification, and will therefore help scientists and managers better understand how to manage for resilience in the face of global change. At the local scale, findings will be shared through stakeholder workshops with community leaders and regional land managers; these workshops will provide participants with information to make informed land use decisions, and develop community capacity to adapt to change. At the global scale, findings from this research will be disseminated through presentations at the participating universities, at professional conferences, and through publication of peer-reviewed papers in scientific journals. In addition, this project will contribute to the interdisciplinary research training of multiple undergraduates and five Ph.D. students, all from under-represented groups. This project is supported by the NSF Dynamics of Coupled Natural and Human Systems (CNH) Program.

该项目旨在了解土地利用政策，农村农村发展和热带景观的土地利用变化之间的相互作用，以及这些变化如何影响人类人口与这些景观中存在的自然生态系统之间的韧性和关系。数以百万计的热带森林已转变为农业，留下了嵌入农业基质中的残留天然林。从历史上看，这种农业矩阵以生存作物和牧场为主，但是在某些地区，这片土地迅速被大豆，香蕉和菠萝生产的强化种植园农业所取代。与更传统的土地用途相反，这些农作物需要更高的劳动力，金钱，农业化学和基础设施。这种新的土地转化趋势的影响尚不清楚，但是初步研究表明，密集的种植园农业可能会促进当地社区的急剧人口和经济变化，并对生态系统产生深远的影响。最终，这些影响将改变这些人类和生态社区维持对未来变化的韧性的能力。因此，需要更好地理解土地利用政策，生态系统结构和功能之间的关系，以及当地社区和土地管理者的决策和行动，这些决定最终决定了何处以及迅速的种植园农业将传播的速度。该项目将在哥斯达黎加的圣胡安塞尔瓦生物走廊的模型系统中评估这些关系。具体来说，这项研究将解决各种研究问题，例如：哪些国家政策导致建立和传播密集的非传统种植园作物？对于三个焦点区域，弹性的社会和生态指标的状况如何？当前和替代政策方案将如何影响未来的土地使用模式，这些情况将如何影响生态弹性？预计土地使用变化的未来场景建模如何影响社区成员和土地经理对他们未来的社会和生态弹性的看法？这项工作在研究的每个步骤中都结合了利益相关者的意见；实施两种新的生态学方法，功能性状分析和景观遗传学；并明确衡量同一系统和多个空间和时间尺度上的社会和生态弹性。这项研究的调查将促进了解人类社区和生态系统如何应对农业强化，因此将帮助科学家和管理者更好地了解面对全球变化的弹性。在地方规模上，将通过利益相关者的研讨会与社区领导人和地区土地经理分享发现；这些研讨会将为参与者提供信息，以做出明智的土地使用决策，并发展社区以适应变化的能力。在全球范围内，这项研究的发现将通过参与大学，专业会议的演讲以及在科学期刊上的同行评审论文发表。 此外，该项目将有助于多个本科生和五位博士学位的跨学科研究培训。学生，全部来自代表性不足的群体。该项目得到了耦合自然和人类系统（CNH）计划的NSF动力学支持。