DISSERATION RESEARCH: Geomicrobiology of manganese oxide-depositing hot springs in Yellowstone National Park

论文研究：黄石国家公园氧化锰沉积温泉的地球微生物学

• 批准号: 1311616
• 负责人: Bradley Tebo
• 金额: $ 2万
• 依托单位: Oregon Health & Science University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-06-01 至 2014-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1311616&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERATION; RESEARCH; Geomicrobiology; manganese; oxide

Manganese (Mn) is an element often overlooked with respect to its potential importance in biogeochemical cycles, metabolic processes, and the biomolecular history of the Earth. Mn undoubtedly played an important role during Earth?s transition from an anoxic to an oxic planet being the key catalyst in oxygenic photosynthesis as well as the metal cofactor for key enzymes involved in oxygen metabolism. In this project we propose to study an active Mn oxide-depositing hot spring in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) as a possible analog of early Earth. In most contemporary near neutral pH environments Mn-oxidizing microorganisms are believed to be the primary catalysts for Mn oxide formation. Such Mn-oxidizing microorganisms typically encase themselves with Mn oxide minerals producing distinct structures that may be preserved in geologic deposits. While molecular oxygen is required for Mn-oxidation, only trace amounts are needed, because the source of reduced Mn is from oxygen depleted environments. Mn oxidizing microorganisms are thus typically found in the transition zone between the oxic and anoxic regions. Preliminary results of the Ph.D. graduate student this project supports has revealed the presence of ancient and unique Bacterial lineages and the occurrence of Archaea in one of the YNP hot springs. Research will characterize this hot spring ecosystem examining the water chemistry, Mn mineral deposits, microbial mats/biofilms and microbial diversity and functionality in an effort to gain a better understanding of these novel microbial communities their metabolic basis of growth and survival in the hot spring. Approaches will employ geological, chemical, microscopic, microbiological and molecular microbial ecological methods.This research will expand our knowledge of microbial biodiversity and the evolution of life on Earth, including the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis, and may lead to the discovery of novel metabolisms and unique enzymes of potential biotechnological application. The research may also lead to new approaches for interpreting Earth?s geological record and the formation of manganese ore deposits. The project expands the graduate student training of a Native American student in environmental chemistry, analytical electron microscopy and molecular microbial ecology including molecular methods for analyzing the entire genomes of microbial communities and their activities.

锰（MN）是其在生物地球化学周期，代谢过程和地球的生物分子历史上的潜在重要性方面经常被忽视的元素。 MN无疑在地球上从缺氧到氧气的行星的过渡起着重要作用，这是氧气光合作用的关键催化剂，以及用于氧代谢涉及的关键酶的金属辅助因子。在这个项目中，我们建议研究黄石国家公园（YNP）的活跃的氧化物氧化氧化物，作为早期地球的一种类似物。在大多数当代近中性pH环境中，据信MN氧化微生物是Mn氧化物形成的主要催化剂。这种Mn氧化的微生物通常与Mn氧化物矿物质共包含可能保存在地质沉积物中的不同结构。尽管Mn氧化需要分子氧，但仅需要痕量，因为减少Mn的来源来自氧气耗尽的环境。因此，Mn氧化微生物通常在氧和缺氧区域之间的过渡区中发现。 博士学位的初步结果研究生这个项目的支持揭示了古老而独特的细菌谱系存在以及在一个YNP温泉之一中出现古细菌。 研究将表征这个温泉生态系统，研究水化学，MN矿藏，微生物垫/生物膜以及微生物多样性和功能，以便更好地了解这些新型微生物群落的代谢基础，它们在温泉中的生长和生存。 方法将采用地质，化学，微观，微生物和分子微生物生态学方法。这项研究将扩大我们对微生物生物多样性的了解以及地球上生命的进化，包括氧气光合作用的演变，并可能导致新的新陈代谢和新陈代谢和新代谢和发现的发现潜在生物技术应用的独特酶。这项研究还可能导致解释地球的地质记录和锰矿矿床的形成的新方法。 该项目扩大了对环境化学，分析电子显微镜和分子微生物生态学领域的研究生培训，包括分子方法，用于分析微生物群落及其活性的整个基因组。