CAREER: The Dynamics of Collective Intelligence

职业：集体智慧的动力

• 批准号: 1303350
• 负责人: Sanmay Das
• 金额: $ 28.77万
• 依托单位: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-11-01 至 2014-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1303350&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Dynamics; Collective; Intelligence

This project studies the design of information systems like wikis and information markets. Research in social science has established that often there is a "wisdom of the crowd" -- i.e., collectives can display more intelligence than the individuals they are composed of. When such collective information systems work, they serve as superb aggregators and disseminators of information. However, fundamental computational challenges remain in understanding how to design them optimally.This research is advancing along several lines, including(1) general theories of how information is aggregated in different social media, developed and validated using real data gathered from existing databases and generated from user experiments; (2) algorithms for facilitation of user interactions so that the medium in question can deliver the promised results (for example, market-making algorithms for liquidity provision in information markets);(3) theoretical and practical characterization of the possibilities for rogue users to manipulate collective wisdom systems;(4) algorithms for detecting malicious users, and mechanisms that thwart miscreants. The research is naturally interdisciplinary in nature, drawing from machine learning and probabilistic reasoning, data mining and social networks, as well as finance and economics. It contributes to our understanding of complex social phenomena like the growth of information in wikis and blogs, as well as to the development of intelligent reasoning algorithms for agents in complex, uncertain multi-agent environments like markets.The design of agents that participate in markets and social systems improves the quality of online markets and improves information flow in virtual spaces. Further, insights gained from modeling market structures and social spaces can tell us how to design them better. For example, understanding the impact of different levels of central control on wiki articles or open source software projects yields guidelines for how much central control is optimal in different settings.In a world where computation and social systems are increasingly intertwined, the PI's research and education program exposes students to multidisciplinary ideas through the introduction of a new class on collective intelligence, social networks and e-commerce, and the development and extensive use of the very objects of study -- information markets and wikis -- in classroom and lab settings. The PI is also developing an experimental project for putting freely accessible course wikis online, similar to online course materials at other universities, but open to editing by the community.

该项目研究维基和信息市场等信息系统的设计。社会科学研究表明，通常存在“群体的智慧”——即集体可以比其组成的个人表现出更多的智慧。当此类集体信息系统发挥作用时，它们将成为出色的信息聚合器和传播器。然而，在理解如何优化设计它们方面仍然存在基本的计算挑战。这项研究正在沿着几个方向推进，包括（1）关于信息如何在不同社交媒体中聚合、如何使用从现有数据库收集并生成的真实数据进行开发和验证的一般理论来自用户实验； (2) 促进用户交互的算法，以便相关媒介能够提供所承诺的结果（例如，在信息市场中提供流动性的做市算法）；(3) 流氓用户的可能性的理论和实践特征操纵集体智慧系统；（4）检测恶意用户的算法和阻止不法分子的机制。这项研究本质上是跨学科的，借鉴了机器学习和概率推理、数据挖掘和社交网络，以及金融和经济学。它有助于我们理解复杂的社会现象，例如维基和博客中的信息增长，也有助于开发复杂、不确定的多代理环境（例如市场）中代理的智能推理算法。参与市场的代理的设计社交系统提高了在线市场的质量并改善了虚拟空间中的信息流动。此外，从市场结构和社交空间建模中获得的见解可以告诉我们如何更好地设计它们。例如，了解不同级别的中央控制对 wiki 文章或开源软件项目的影响，可以得出在不同环境下最佳中央控制程度的指导原则。在计算和社会系统日益交织在一起的世界中，PI 的研究和教育该项目通过引入关于集体智慧、社交网络和电子商务的新课程，以及在课堂和实验室环境中开发和广泛使用学习对象（信息市场和维基），让学生接触到多学科思想。 PI 还在开发一个实验项目，将可免费访问的课程维基放在网上，类似于其他大学的在线课程材料，但开放供社区编辑。