Seed-mediated co-reduction: a versatile route to architecturally-controlled bimetallic nanostructures

种子介导的共还原：结构控制双金属纳米结构的通用途径

• 批准号: 1306853
• 负责人: Sara Skrabalak
• 金额: $ 40.5万
• 依托单位: Indiana University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-05-15 至 2016-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1306853&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Seed; mediated; co; reduction; versatile

Sara Skrabalak from Indiana University is supported by the Macromolecular, Supramolecular and Nanochemistry Program in the Division of Chemistry to conduct research into rational syntheses and characterization of bimetallic nanoparticles with high structural monodispersity. Like their monometallic counterparts, bimetallic materials often display dramatic changes in their physicochemical properties at the nanoscale. To realize the full potential of bimetallic nanostructures, samples with structural monodispersity on-par with the best monometallic examples are needed; however, it remains a grand challenge to achieve structural and compositional control during the synthesis of bimetallic nanostructures. This challenge arises from reliance on co-reduction techniques to nucleate and grow a defined bimetallic phase, but the Skrabalak laboratory has demonstrated seed-mediated co-reduction as a strategy to overcome the limitations of co-reduction techniques by coupling them with the advantages of seeded methods which provide structurally defined crystals for bimetallic deposition. The aims of this project are i) to identify the synthetic parameters which govern morphology development during seed-mediated co-reduction and quantify their effects on the kinetics of co-reduction and crystal growth, ii) to identify the symmetry relationships between seed structure and the final morphologies of branched bimetallic nanocrystals prepared by seed-mediated co-reduction and quantify the effect of lattice mismatch between seed and overgrowth metals to morphology development, and iii) to identify the synthetic conditions which enable seed-catalyzed co-reduction of metal precursors and quantify the kinetics of this surface-mediated process via in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction techniques. Collectively, the experiments being carried out are to identify and quantify the synthetic parameters which contribute to morphology development during seed-mediated co-reduction and enable new architecturally-controlled bimetallic nanostructures to be achieved. Additionally, the optical and catalytic properties of the unique nanostructures synthesized are being studied to understand how composition and architecture compound to impart new functionality. General design criteria for the synthesis of new bimetallic nanoarchitectures by seed-mediated co-reduction are being pursued, as well as the advancement of co-reduction techniques in general.Bimetallic nanostructures represent exciting multifunctional platforms with the potential to address critical needs in catalysis (e.g., in fuel cells), energy sustainability, chemical sensing, medicine, and beyond. However, predictably achieving architecturally-controlled bimetallic nanostructures has met with only modest success on account of the limitations of current synthetic strategies. This project is to obtain general design criteria for new bimetallic nanostructures and to move the nanosynthesis community closer to the predictive, on-demand synthesis of nanostructures with defined composition and architectures. This research also has the broader impacts of i) forging links between scientific disciplines that include nano/inorganic/solid-state chemistry and colloidal/surface/material sciences, ii) enhancing graduate/undergraduate education through multidisciplinary research and outreach activities that reinforce learning via teaching, iii) introducing nanoscale concepts to non-scientists and connecting undergraduates to their home communities through their research activities; iv) enabling the PI to serve the scientific community as an educator, journal and grant reviewer, and promoter of diversity in higher education; and v) generating and distributing new knowledge based on the proposed research through peer-reviewed publications and presentations.

印第安纳大学的萨拉·斯卡巴拉克（Sara Skrabalak）得到了化学部的大分子，超分子和纳米化学计划的支持，以对有理合成和表征具有较高结构单差的双金属纳米颗粒进行研究。 像它们的单一金属材料一样，双金属材料通常在纳米级的物理化学特性上显示出巨大的变化。为了实现双金属纳米结构的全部潜力，需要具有结构性单分散性的样品具有最佳的单分金属示例；但是，在合成双金属纳米结构期间，实现结构和组成控制仍然是一个巨大的挑战。这一挑战源于依靠共同还原技术来核定并发展一个定义的双金属阶段，但是Skrabalak实验室已经证明了种子介导的共同还原，作为克服共同还原技术限制的策略，通过为它们提供结构性定义的Bimetally crystallical crystallical crystallical crystallical crystallical contally coptiquess的局限性。该项目的目的是i）确定在种子介导的共同还原过程中控制形态发展的合成参数，并量化它们对共同还原和晶体生长动力学的影响，ii）ii）确定种子结构与分支的双金属纳米介导的分支构造和量化的对称形态之间的对称关系，并通过播种和量化的效果，并量化了均匀的效果，并量化了播种的效果，并量化了造成的效果，并量化了成型的效果为了形态发展，以及iii），以确定可以通过原位同步X射线衍射技术来量化金属前体的种子共同还原并量化该表面介导过程的动力学的合成条件。总的来说，进行的实验是为了识别和量化在种子介导的共同还原过程中有助于形态发展的合成参数，并能够实现新的建筑构造的双金属纳米结构。此外，正在研究合成的独特纳米结构的光学和催化特性，以了解组成和体系结构如何赋予新功能。通过种子介导的共同还原合成新的双金属纳米结构的一般设计标准，以及一般的共同还原技术的进步。Bimetallic纳米结构代表令人兴奋的多功能平台，以解决燃料细胞的关键需求（例如，燃料电池），化学能力，化学性能，化学，化学，化学能力，化学，化学能力，化学，化学能力，化学能力，化学，化学能力，化学能力，并具有化学性能。但是，由于当前合成策略的局限性，可以预见的是，实现建筑控制的双金属纳米结构仅取得了适度的成功。该项目是为了获得新的双金属纳米结构的一般设计标准，并将纳米合成社区更接近具有定义的组成和架构的纳米结构的预测性，按需合成。这项研究还具有i）i）在包括纳米/无机/固态化学和胶体/表面/材料科学在内的科学学科之间建立联系的广泛影响，ii）通过介绍纳米级的概念，通过教学来增强多学科研究和外展活动，通过介绍他们的研究，并通过他们的研究来促进他们的研究，并通过他们的研究来促进他们的研究，并通过他们的研究概念构成了他们的研究，并连接了他们的研究，并将其连接到他们的研究中，并连接他们的研究，并连接他们的研究，并连接他们的活动，并连接他们的活动，并连接他们的活动，并将其连接到他们的研究中。 iv）使PI能够为科学界担任教育工作者，期刊和赠款审稿人，以及高等教育多样性的促进者； v）通过同行评审的出版物和演示文稿，基于拟议的研究生成和分发新知识。