RUI: Iron-oxidizing Bacteria from the Okinawa Trough Deep Subsurface Biosphere

RUI：来自冲绳海槽深层地下生物圈的铁氧化细菌

• 批准号: 1260710
• 负责人: Craig Moyer
• 金额: $ 30.28万
• 依托单位: Western Washington University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-04-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1260710&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RUI; Iron; oxidizing; Bacteria; Okinawa

ABSTRACTIntellectual Merit. Communities of Fe-oxidizing Bacteria (FeOB) are common at sites of hydrothermal venting and are known to form complex communities in microbial mats, hydrothermal sediments, oceanic crustal basalts and borehole fluids (among others) that are iron-rich and low in oxygen. Studies from sites around the Pacific Ocean have found the Zetaproteobacteria to be ubiquitous members of these FeOB communities. Previously, borehole fluids from the Southern Mariana Backarc have been shown to support several novel and distinct lineages of endemic Zetaproteobacteria. Sampling from the deep subsurface at the Iheya North hydrothermal field (IODP Expedition 331) explores this deep subsurface FeOB biodiversity and has resulted in multiple enrichments using both microaerophilic and anaerobic culturing conditions. Zetaproteobacteria have been detected at levels up to 13% of the total bacterial community from these subsurface core samples. This project expands post-cruise analyses to focus on assessing these FeOB subsurface communities using a combined single cell genomics, community-level metagenomics and a FeOB directed cultivation approach. This approach will allow insights into the exclusive physiology and metabolism of these Zetaproteobacteria thereby demonstrating key features as to how they survive, compete and grow within these complex subsurface microbial communities. A comparative analysis (from an evolutionary standpoint) to determine the unique differences between subsurface Zetaproteobacteria and those living above the seafloor surface is an integral part of this effort.Broader Impacts. A better understanding of Zetaproteobacteria is of central interest to scientists interested in areas of earth science and oceanography because they illustrate how microbes can influence geochemical cycling and mineral deposition. Furthermore, morphological structures similar to those produced by Zetaproteobacteria can still be identified 100's of millions (and possibly billions) of years back in the rock record, making them of paleontological (and potentially of exobiological) interest. As knowledge of extant populations grows, it is possible they will also help to inform us of environmental change in past Earth history. From a practical standpoint, these organisms might be thought of as 'micro-machines', spinning out threads of iron oxyhydroxide that coalesce in unknown ways. These oxides are known to be highly reactive with a range of other metals, organic compounds, and nutrients, thus impacting many other biogeochemical cycles. In particular, this study allows the opportunity to compare and contrast a known monophyletic class of Proteobacteria, to study the differences between subsurface and supersurface lineages of Zetaproteobacteria, thereby yielding fundamental clues into microbial biogeography. A wealth of educational outreach opportunities will be made possible by this work, including graduate education, research experiences for undergraduates, and teacher training.

摘要智能优点。富氧化细菌（FEOB）的群落在水热通风的部位很常见，已知会在微生物垫，水热沉积物，海洋甲壳盆地和钻孔流体（等）中形成复杂的群落，这些社区富含铁富含铁和氧气。太平洋周围地点的研究发现，Zetaproteobacteria是这些FEOB社区中无处不在的成员。以前，来自南部Mariana倒影的钻孔流体已显示出支持几种新型Zetaproteobacteria的新型和独特的谱系。 Iheya北部热液场（IODP Expedition 331）的深地下采样探索了这种深面FEOB生物多样性，并使用微粒细胞和厌氧培养条件进行了多种富集。从这些地下核心样本中检测到的沸点杆菌已在高达细菌群落的13％的水平上被检测到。该项目扩大了裁判后分析，以使用联合的单细胞基因组学，社区级元基因组学和FEOB指示培养方法来重点评估这些FEOB地下社区。这种方法将使这些Zetaproteobacteria的独家生理学和代谢有见识，从而证明了它们如何在这些复杂的地下微生物群落中生存，竞争和成长的关键特征。比较分析（从进化的角度来看），以确定地下Zetaproteobacteria与生活在海底表面上方的斑点局部之间的独特差异是这项工作不可或缺的一部分。更好地了解对地球科学和海洋学领域的科学家，对Zetaproteobacteria的核心利益是核心的利益，因为它们说明了微生物如何影响地球化学循环和矿物质沉积。此外，在岩石记录中，仍然可以确定与Zetaproteobacteria相似的形态结构仍然可以识别出数百万（甚至可能是数十亿美元）的形态结构，从而使它们具有古生物学（可能具有外生物学）的利益。随着现有人口的知识的增长，他们也可能会帮助我们告知过去地球历史上的环境变化。从实际的角度来看，这些生物可能被认为是“微芯片”，以未知的方式旋转了羟基氧化铁的线。已知这些氧化物与其他一系列金属，有机化合物和养分具有高度反应性，从而影响了许多其他生物地球化学周期。特别是，这项研究允许有机会比较和对比已知的单系类细菌类别，研究Zetaproteobacteria的地下和上表面谱系之间的差异，从而将基本线索带入微生物生物地理学。这项工作将使大量的教育外展机会成为可能，包括研究生教育，本科生的研究经验和教师培训。