Collaborative Research: The Kinematics, Microphysics and Dynamics of Long-fetch Lake-effect Systems in Ontario Winter Lake-effect Systems (OWLeS)

合作研究：安大略省冬季湖效应系统（OWLeS）的长取湖效应系统的运动学、微观物理和动力学

• 批准号: 1258856
• 负责人: Bart Geerts
• 金额: $ 47.44万
• 依托单位: University of Wyoming
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-07-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1258856&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Kinematics; Microphysics; Dynamics

This award is one key segment of a larger effort centered on the Ontario Winter (OW) Lake-effect Systems (LeS) field project, to be conducted December 2013-January 2014. OWLeS will focus on two complementary lines of research, each tracing to a preferred wind regime over the U.S. Great lakes region and corresponding distinct mesoscale mode of winter storm organization. Activities led by this group will focus on so-called "long-fetch" storm events, for which low-level winds are aligned approximately parallel to Lake Ontario's long axis. Observational assets to be employed during OWLeS include the University of Wyoming King Air instrumented aircraft, the CSWR Doppler on Wheels (DOW) mobile radars, multiple mobile rawinsounding systems, the Millersville University Profiling System, the UAH Mobile Integrated Profiling System, and a variety of other deployable surface measurement systems. These researchers contend that predictions of the amounts and inland extent of LeS snowfall remain poor, due in part to fine-scale variations in upwind planetary boundary layer structure and poor representation of cloud microphysical, dynamical, and surface processes. To address these shortcomings, the intellectual merits of this research will derive from improved understanding of: 1) How long-fetch LeS intensify and evolve downwind of the lake, where prolonged heavy snowfall rates are particularly impactful; 2) how cloud and dynamical processes may contribute to cloud electrification and to lightning, as occasionally observed in long-fetch LeS heavy precipitation cells; and 3) how dual-polarimetric (and in select regions, dual-Doppler) radar measurements at X- and S-band wavelengths as utilized by mobile-DOW and operational National Weather Service WSR-88D radars, respectively, may reveal detailed precipitation processes in LeS. Through detailed comparisons with in-situ aircraft measurements, evaluations dual-polarimetric particle identification and quantitative precipitation estimate (QPE) algorithms will extend the utility of remote-sensing observations in this unique cool-season environment.Broader impacts will include experience infield campaign planning, hands-on data collection and data analysis for a notably large number of undergraduate as well as graduate students. A desirable mix of junior and senior principal investigators will facilitate exchange of established and complex project design and observing methodologies, and foster improved field observing techniques tailored to severe winter weather conditions. Outreach efforts will extend to K-12 students and college students enrolled at nearby institutes of higher learning. Given the significant impacts of lake effect snowfall on public safety and economic activity along the populous shores of the U.S. Great Lakes, improved understanding of lake-effect systems should foster refined models and forecasting techniques that will address a longer-term societal need.

该奖项是将于2013年12月至2014年1月举行的安大略省冬季（OW）湖泊系统（LES）实地项目的更大努力的一个关键部分。OWLES将集中在两项互补的研究方面，每项都追溯到美国大湖区的首选风度，并相应地曾与美国大湖区地区的风险较大的风暴模式，并相应的冬季风暴组织的不同Messoscale模式。 该小组领导的活动将集中于所谓的“长途”风暴事件，为此，低水平的风与安大略湖的长轴相似。 在OWLE期间要使用的观察性资产包括怀俄明大学国王空气仪器飞机，车轮上的CSWR多普勒（DOW）移动雷达，多个移动式Rawinsounding Systems，Millersville University Profigning Systems，UAH Mobile Integrated Integrated Integrated System，以及其他各种可部署的表面测量系统。 这些研究人员认为，对LES降雪的数量和内陆程度的预测仍然很差，部分原因是上风行星边界层结构的细微尺度变化以及云微物理，动力学和表面过程的不良表示。 为了解决这些缺点，这项研究的智力优点将来自对以下方面的了解：1）湖泊的长时间加剧和进化，在湖下，较长的大降雪率延长的影响特别影响； 2）正如在长时间的沉淀细胞中观察到的那样，云和动力学过程如何有助于云电气化和闪电； 3）如何分别揭示LES中详细的降水过程，分别如何分别在X型和S波段的波长和S-S-BAND波长的X型和S波段波长的双极（和S型波长）测量中进行双偏光度雷达测量。 通过与原位飞机测量的详细比较，评估双极光粒子识别和定量降水估计（QPE）算法将扩展在这个独特的酷季环境中遥感观察的实用性。BROADER的影响将包括经验丰富的竞选活动，包括实力竞选计划，实用的数据收集和数据分析，以及毕业的大型学生，以及逐步毕业的学生，​​以及逐步的研究。 初级和高级首席研究人员的理想组合将促进建立且复杂的项目设计和观察方法的交换，并促进针对严重冬季天气条件量身定制的改进的现场观察技术。 外展工作将扩展到附近高等教育学院入学的K-12学生和大学生。 鉴于湖泊效应降雪对美国大湖区人口稠密的公共安全和经济活动的重大影响，对湖泊效应系统的了解应促进精致的模型和预测技术，以满足长期的社会需求。