COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: INTEGRATING FOSSIL AND MODERN EVIDENCE TO DETERMINE THE ROLE OF DIET IN MAMMALIAN DIVERSIFICATION

合作研究：整合化石和现代证据以确定饮食在哺乳动物多样化中的作用

• 批准号: 1256897
• 负责人: Samantha Hopkins
• 金额: $ 27.53万
• 依托单位: University of Oregon Eugene
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-05-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1256897&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: COLLABORATIVE; RESEARCH; INTEGRATING; FOSSIL; MODERN

Mammals have evolved diverse diets to fuel their demanding metabolisms. This study will investigate the role diet played in mammalian diversification by combining data from the fossil record with data on living mammals. Work will focus on three groups with good fossil records and variable diets: Primates, Carnivora (e.g. dogs, cats and bears), and Cetartiodactyla (e.g. deer, cows and whales). A combination of morphological and DNA data will be used to produce a time-calibrated phylogeny of each group that includes fossil and living species. These phylogenetic trees will then be analyzed with dietary data to estimate speciation and extinction rates in mammals with different diets. The results will be compared to traditional paleontological methods to quantify the biases of these different approaches in reconstructing diversification history.This study of mammalian dietary evolution will elucidate the evolutionary role diet played in the origin of living mammals, including humans, and whether the evolutionary trajectory of omnivory in our ancestors paralleled its origin in other primates. It will also contribute to consilience between paleontological and phylogenetic approaches to macroevolutionary biology, facilitating interdisciplinary collaboration. The project will support training of undergraduate and graduate students along with the development of K-16 educational materials.

哺乳动物不断发展多种饮食，以助长其苛刻的新陈代谢。这项研究将通过将化石记录中的数据与活哺乳动物的数据结合在一起来调查饮食在哺乳动物多样化中的作用。工作将集中在三个具有良好化石记录和可变饮食的小组上：灵长类动物，肉食动物（例如狗，猫和熊）和cetartiodactyla（例如鹿，牛和鲸鱼）。形态学和DNA数据的结合将用于产生包括化石和活物种在内的每组的时间校准的系统发育。然后，将使用饮食数据对这些系统发育树进行分析，以估计饮食不同的哺乳动物的物种形成和灭绝率。结果将与传统的古生物学方法进行比较，以量化这些不同方法在重建多元化历史中的偏见。这项对哺乳动物饮食进化的研究将阐明在包括人类在内的活哺乳动物的起源中所起的进化作用饮食，包括人类，以及我们祖先在我们的祖先中是否与其他启动者相似的祖先。这也将有助于宏观进化生物学的古生物学和系统发育方法之间的合伙性，从而促进跨学科的合作。该项目将支持对本科生和研究生的培训，以及开发K-16教育材料。