COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: INTEGRATING FOSSIL AND MODERN EVIDENCE TO DETERMINE THE ROLE OF DIET IN MAMMALIAN DIVERSIFICATION

合作研究：整合化石和现代证据以确定饮食在哺乳动物多样化中的作用

• 批准号: 1256897
• 负责人: Samantha Hopkins
• 金额: $ 27.53万
• 依托单位: University of Oregon Eugene
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-05-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1256897&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: COLLABORATIVE; RESEARCH; INTEGRATING; FOSSIL; MODERN

Mammals have evolved diverse diets to fuel their demanding metabolisms. This study will investigate the role diet played in mammalian diversification by combining data from the fossil record with data on living mammals. Work will focus on three groups with good fossil records and variable diets: Primates, Carnivora (e.g. dogs, cats and bears), and Cetartiodactyla (e.g. deer, cows and whales). A combination of morphological and DNA data will be used to produce a time-calibrated phylogeny of each group that includes fossil and living species. These phylogenetic trees will then be analyzed with dietary data to estimate speciation and extinction rates in mammals with different diets. The results will be compared to traditional paleontological methods to quantify the biases of these different approaches in reconstructing diversification history.This study of mammalian dietary evolution will elucidate the evolutionary role diet played in the origin of living mammals, including humans, and whether the evolutionary trajectory of omnivory in our ancestors paralleled its origin in other primates. It will also contribute to consilience between paleontological and phylogenetic approaches to macroevolutionary biology, facilitating interdisciplinary collaboration. The project will support training of undergraduate and graduate students along with the development of K-16 educational materials.

哺乳动物已经进化出多样化的饮食来满足其高要求的新陈代谢。这项研究将通过将化石记录的数据与现存哺乳动物的数据相结合，研究饮食在哺乳动物多样化中所发挥的作用。工作重点是具有良好化石记录和可变饮食的三个类群：灵长类动物、食肉目动物（例如狗、猫和熊）和鲸齿动物目（例如鹿、牛和鲸鱼）。形态学和 DNA 数据的结合将用于生成每个群体（包括化石和活物种）的时间校准系统发育。然后将使用饮食数据对这些系统发育树进行分析，以估计具有不同饮食的哺乳动物的物种形成和灭绝率。研究结果将与传统的古生物学方法进行比较，以量化这些不同方法在重建多样化历史方面的偏差。这项对哺乳动物饮食进化的研究将阐明饮食在包括人类在内的现存哺乳动物的起源中所发挥的进化作用，以及进化轨迹是否我们祖先的杂食性与其他灵长类动物的起源相似。它还将有助于宏观进化生物学古生物学和系统发育方法之间的一致性，促进跨学科合作。该项目将支持本科生和研究生的培训以及 K-16 教材的开发。