A Center for Brains, Minds and Machines: the Science and the Technology of Intelligence

大脑、思想和机器中心：智能科学与技术

• 批准号: 1231216
• 负责人: Tomaso Poggio
• 金额: $ 2500万
• 依托单位: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Cooperative Agreement
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1231216&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Center; Brains; Minds; Machines; Science

Today's AI technologies, such as Watson, Siri and MobilEye, are impressive yet still confined to a single domain or task. Imagine how truly intelligent systems --- systems that actually understand their world --- could change our world. The work of scientists and engineers could be amplified to help solve the world's most pressing technical problems. Education, healthcare and manufacturing could be transformed. Mental health could be understood on a deeper level, leading in turn to more effective treatments of brain disorders. These accomplishments will take decades. The proposed Center for Brains, Minds, and Machines (CBMM) will enable the kind of research needed to ultimately achieve such ambitious goals. The vision of the Center is of a world where intelligence, and how it emerges from brain activity, is truly understood. A successful research plan for realizing this vision requires four main areas of inquiry and integrated work across all four guided by a unifying theoretical foundation. First, understanding intelligence requires discovering how it develops from the interplay of learning and innate structure. Second, understanding the physical machinery of intelligence requires analyzing brains across multiple levels of analysis, from neural circuits to large-scale brain architecture. Third, intelligence goes beyond the narrow expertise of chess or Jeopardy-playing computers, bridging several domains including vision, planning, action, social interactions, and language. Finally, intelligence emerges from the interactions among individuals ? it is the product of social interactions. Therefore, the research of the Center engages four major research thrusts (Reverse Engineering the Infant Mind, Neuronal Circuits Underlying Intelligence, Integrating Intelligence, and Social Intelligence) with interlocking teams and working groups, and a common theoretical, mathematical, and computational platform (Enabling Theory).The intellectual merit of the Center is its focus on elucidating the mechanisms and architecture of intelligence in the most intelligent system known: the human brain. Success in this project will ultimately enable us to understand ourselves better, to produce smarter machines, and perhaps even to make ourselves smarter. The Center's potential legacy of a deep understanding of intelligence, and the ability to engineer it, is tantalizing and timeless. It includes the creation of a community of researchers by programs such as an intensive summer school, technical workshops and online courses that will train the next generation of scientists and engineers in an emerging new field -- the Science and Engineering of Intelligence. This new field will catalyze continuing progress in and cross-fertilization between computer science, math and statistics, robotics, neuroscience, and cognitive science. Sitting between science and engineering, it will attract growing interest from the best students at all levels. The broader impact of the Center program could be to revolutionize K-12, and also 0-K, and 12-life with a deeper understanding of the process of learning. The ability to build more human-like intelligence in machines will transform our productivity, enabling robots to care for the aged, drive our cars, and help with small-business manufacturing. The Center team is composed of over 23 investigators, many having already made significant accomplishments in multiple research areas relevant to the science and the technology of intelligence. The Center team has a mix of junior and senior researchers, bringing expertise in Computer Science, Neuroscience, Cognitive Science and Mathematics. The institutional partners include nine institutions (MIT, Harvard, Cornell, Rockefeller, UCLA, Stanford, The Allen Institute, Wellesley, Howard, Hunter and the University of Puerto Rico), three of which have significant underrepresented student populations. The academic institutions are complemented by the Center's industrial partners (Microsoft, IBM, Google, DeepMind, Orcam, MobilEye, Willow Garage, RethinkRobotics, Boston Dynamics) and by world-renowned researchers at international institutions (Max Planck Institute, The Weizmann Institute, Italian Institute of Technology, The Hebrew University).

当今的人工智能技术，例如 Watson、Siri 和 MobilEye，令人印象深刻，但仍然局限于单一领域或任务。想象一下真正的智能系统——真正理解其世界的系统——如何改变我们的世界。 科学家和工程师的工作可以扩大，以帮助解决世界上最紧迫的技术问题。教育、医疗保健和制造业可以发生转变。 人们可以更深入地了解心理健康，从而更有效地治疗大脑疾病。 这些成就需要几十年的时间。 拟建的大脑、思维和机器中心 (CBMM) 将使最终实现这些雄心勃勃的目标所需的研究成为可能。该中心的愿景是建立一个真正理解智力及其如何从大脑活动中产生的世界。实现这一愿景的成功研究计划需要四个主要领域的探究以及在统一理论基础指导下跨所有四个领域的综合工作。首先，理解智力需要发现它是如何从学习和先天结构的相互作用中发展出来的。其次，理解智能的物理机制需要从神经回路到大规模大脑结构等多个层面对大脑进行分析。第三，智能超越了国际象棋或玩危险游戏的计算机的狭隘专业知识，它跨越了多个领域，包括视觉、规划、行动、社交互动和语言。最后，智力是从个体之间的相互作用中产生的？它是社会互动的产物。因此，该中心的研究涉及四个主要研究方向（婴儿心智逆向工程、智能背后的神经元回路、整合智能和社会智能），以及相互关联的团队和工作组，以及一个共同的理论、数学和计算平台（使能该中心的智力优势在于它专注于阐明已知最智能的系统：人脑中的智能机制和架构。 这个项目的成功最终将使我们能够更好地了解自己，生产出更智能的机器，甚至可能让我们自己变得更聪明。该中心对智能的深刻理解和设计能力的潜在遗产是诱人且永恒的。它包括通过强化暑期学校、技术研讨会和在线课程等项目创建一个研究人员社区，这些项目将在新兴的新领域——智能科学与工程——培训下一代科学家和工程师。这个新领域将促进计算机科学、数学和统计学、机器人学、神经科学和认知科学之间的持续进步和交叉融合。介于科学和工程之间，它将吸引各个级别最优秀学生越来越多的兴趣。 该中心计划的更广泛影响可能是通过对学习过程有更深入的了解，彻底改变 K-12、0-K 和 12-life。 在机器中构建更多类人智能的能力将改变我们的生产力，使机器人能够照顾老年人、驾驶汽车并帮助小型企业制造。该中心团队由超过 23 名研究人员组成，其中许多人已经在与情报科学和技术相关的多个研究领域取得了重大成就。该中心团队由初级和高级研究人员组成，带来计算机科学、神经科学、认知科学和数学方面的专业知识。机构合作伙伴包括九个机构（麻省理工学院、哈佛大学、康奈尔大学、洛克菲勒大学、加州大学洛杉矶分校、斯坦福大学、艾伦研究所、韦尔斯利大学、霍华德大学、亨特大学和波多黎各大学），其中三个机构的学生人数严重不足。该中心的工业合作伙伴（微软、IBM、谷歌、DeepMind、Orcam、MobilEye、Willow Garage、RethinkRobotics、波士顿动力）以及国际机构（马克斯·普朗克研究所、魏茨曼研究所、意大利希伯来大学技术学院）。