EAGER: Investigating the Thermal Maturity of Organic Matter in Fault Zones with Laboratory Experiments

EAGER：通过实验室实验研究断层带有机质的热成熟度

• 批准号: 1219488
• 负责人: Heather Savage
• 金额: $ 8.06万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-05-01 至 2014-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1219488&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAGER; Investigating; Thermal; Maturity; Organic

One of the most elusive questions in the study of fault mechanics is how much shearstress faults sustain, which is a necessary parameter for a full description of the ruptureprocess. Because frictional slip generates heat, measuring the temperature increase offault zones above background temperatures can elucidates the strength of the fault. Herewe describe a new paleothermometer that can establish time-temperature histories forfaults hosted in sedimentary rocks by examining the thermal maturity of organicmolecules within the fault. This technique is widely applied in petroleum geochemistryto determine burial heating. The investigators will establish a new paleothermometer for fault zones byrepurposing an existing paleothermometer used to establish long duration heatingassociated with burial. Quantifying the frictional heating in a fault zone will allow them toconstrain fault and earthquake parameters like shear stress along a fault during failure andslip of the largest event. In order to extend the time-temperature range of thispaleothermometer and establish thermal maturity indices at the short time scales and high temperatures that fault rocks experience during earthquakes, the investigators will design and conduct rapid heating experiments on organic-rich sedimentary rocks at various combinations of time and temperature relevant to seismic heating and determine the kinetic parameters of these reactions at short time scales.Measurement of the coseismic friction is critical for determining the conditions under which an earthquake can expand into a major, societally significant event. This work will devise a new way to directly measure friction from slip on faults.Furthermore, two early career scientists will be funded.

故障力学研究中最难以捉摸的问题之一是剪伤断层维持多少，这是对破裂过程进行完整描述的必要参数。由于摩擦滑移会产生热量，因此测量在背景温度上方的温度升高区域可以阐明故障的强度。在这里，我们描述了一种新的古热量计，可以通过检查断层内有机分子的热成熟度来建立在沉积岩石中托管的时间温度的历史。该技术广泛应用于石油地球化学以确定埋葬加热。研究人员将通过重新启用用于建立与埋葬相关的长时间热疗法的现有的古热量计学来建立一个新的断层区域。量化断层区域中的摩擦加热将使它们在最大事件的故障和下滑期间沿断层沿断层和地震参数（例如剪切应力）。为了扩大本级热量计的时间温度范围并在地震期间故障岩石经历的短时间尺度和高温建立热成熟指标，研究人员将在各种与地震供热的时间和温度相关的量相关的有机富含沉积岩石上设计并进行快速加热实验。摩擦对于确定地震可以扩展为重大社会意义的事件的条件至关重要。这项工作将设计一种新的方法，可以直接从断层上进行摩擦。Furthermore，两名早期职业科学家将得到资助。