Collaborative Research: Characterizing Arctic Climate Extremes from the Pliocene to the Present: the view from Lake El'gygytgyn, western Beringia

合作研究：描述从上新世至今的北极极端气候特征：白令海峡西部埃尔吉吉金湖的景色

• 批准号: 1204087
• 负责人: Julie Brigham-Grette
• 金额: $ 154.97万
• 依托单位: University of Massachusetts Amherst
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-01 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1204087&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Characterizing; Arctic; Climate

The regional response of the high Arctic to past climate events is little known beyond the time period covered by the Greenland ice cores. However, in Spring 2009, a 3.6 million year long sediment record was successfully recovered from Lake El'gygytgyn, a 12km diameter meteor crater lake located 100km north of the Arctic Circle in Chukotka, NE Russia. This grant will continue studies of the paleoclimate record from the lake cores. Analysis of the sedimentary record will greatly extend the known climate history. The team will integrate data analysis with climate modeling to test four hypotheses regarding the relationship between high Arctic climate and climate of other regions. First, no terrestrial Arctic record yet covers the mid-Brunhes transition in sufficient detail to determine whether the cooler interglacial periods observed in the first several 100ky cycles in the Antarctic are also found in the Arctic. Second, the amplitude of 40ky -duration glacial/interglacial cycles in the terrestrial Arctic during early Pleistocene is not known. Third, terrestrial Arctic temperatures during the Late Pliocene, a period of elevated atmospheric pCO2, are also unknown. Fourth, the team will investigate Arctic temperature response to cooling during Marine Isotope Stage 2. These results will help determine the sensitivity of the Arctic to atmospheric CO2 levels. This grant will provide the scientific community with information about the magnitude of climate changes in the Arctic during the 100ky glacial cycles, the 40ky glacial cycles, and from prior to the initiation of Northern hemisphere glaciations. These data will allow direct comparison to the EPICA ice cores, long Asian loess, speleothem, and lake records, and comparable marine records and Global Climate [computer] Models. Both the public and policy makers remain confused about issues relating to climate change. This work should help clarify the background of natural variations in Arctic climate, so that the modern changes can be seen in context.Four PhD students and one post-doctoral fellow will receive science and mentoring support. In addition, the team will train STEM teachers by bringing five western Massachusetts teachers per summer to UMass for two weeks to gain hands-on laboratory and field experience and jointly develop curricula that address core elements of the Massachusetts Department of Education science standards. Because lakes and ponds are common across parts of the US, a portion of the teacher training will focus on lake/pond sediments with regard to the environmental and climate change they can document in their communities. This will be accomplished in collaboration with the middle school Earth science teacher who was at Lake El'gygytgyn in 2009 as the PolarTREC teacher.

在格陵兰冰芯覆盖的时期之外，北极高纬度地区对过去气候事件的区域反应鲜为人知。然而，2009年春天，从俄罗斯东北部楚科奇地区北极圈以北100公里处的El'gygytgyn湖成功恢复了长达360万年的沉积物记录，El'gygytgyn湖是一个直径12公里的陨石坑湖。这笔赠款将继续研究湖芯的古气候记录。对沉积记录的分析将大大扩展已知的气候历史。该团队将数据分析与气候模型结合起来，测试有关北极高气候与其他地区气候之间关系的四种假设。首先，目前还没有陆地北极记录足够详细地涵盖布伦赫斯中期过渡，以确定在南极洲前几个 100ky 周期中观察到的较冷间冰期是否也在北极发现。其次，更新世早期陆地北极40ky持续时间的冰期/间冰期循环的幅度尚不清楚。第三，上新世晚期（大气二氧化碳分压升高的时期）期间的北极陆地温度也是未知的。第四，该团队将研究海洋同位素第二阶段期间北极温度对冷却的响应。这些结果将有助于确定北极对大气二氧化碳水平的敏感性。这笔赠款将为科学界提供有关 100ky 冰川周期、40ky 冰川周期以及北半球冰川作用开始之前北极气候变化幅度的信息。这些数据将允许与 EPICA 冰芯、长亚洲黄土、洞穴和湖泊记录以及可比较的海洋记录和全球气候[计算机]模型进行直接比较。公众和政策制定者对气候变化相关问题仍然感到困惑。这项工作应该有助于澄清北极气候自然变化的背景，以便可以在背景中看到现代变化。四名博士生和一名博士后研究员将获得科学和指导支持。此外，该团队还将培训 STEM 教师，每年夏天将五名西部马萨诸塞州教师带到马萨诸塞大学为期两周，以获得实验室和现场实践经验，并共同开发涉及马萨诸塞州教育部科学标准核心要素的课程。由于湖泊和池塘在美国部分地区很常见，因此部分教师培训将重点关注湖泊/池塘沉积物，以了解他们可以记录社区中的环境和气候变化。这项工作将与 2009 年在 El'gygytgyn 湖担任 PolarTREC 教师的中学地球科学老师合作完成。