Doctoral Dissertation Research: Natural Resource Governance with Indigenous Communities: Shifting Sovereignties Through Co-Management?

博士论文研究：土著社区的自然资源治理：通过共同管理转移主权？

• 批准号: 1203623
• 负责人: Stephanie Carlson
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-05-01 至 2014-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1203623&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Natural; Resource

This doctoral dissertation project examines the co-management of environmental resources between native communities in North America and state actors as a means of recapturing and reconfiguring indigenous sovereignty claims. Natural resource management between indigenous communities and state agencies is characterized by a high degree of distrust and conflict over lands and resources. Although collaborative management agreements are increasingly viewed as a solution, co-management is often criticized as a state-driven project that does not achieve meaningful power sharing. This project assesses the ways and degree to which indigenous sovereignty over contested lands and resources can be advanced through co-management agreements. The research evaluates two exemplar cases in Pacific Northwest salmon watersheds, the Karuk Tribe in California, USA and the Xaxli'p Indigenous Community in British Columbia, Canada, where communities are combining ecological and cultural restoration as a primary management goal. The project's research questions are: 1) How are community articulations of eco-cultural restoration goals being used in co-management to establish legitimacy for community claims to natural resources?; 2) How are indigenous sovereignty claims shaped by co-management over time?; and 3) How does access to land and resources shift through the co-management process for the community and state agency? Methods include semi-structured interviews of key participants in co-management processes; participant observation of restoration activities; document analysis; and participatory mapping. Analysis involves coding interviews with software and employing an access analysis approach to compare benefits received from co-management by both communities and state agencies, and the mechanisms by which co-managers control resources. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) mapping and overlay analysis will help identify similarities and differences between Karuk and agency land management plans. Research findings will extend knowledge of environmental governance, particularly how co-management processes affect indigenous sovereignty struggles over territory, as well as issues of access and control over land and resources. Investigators also consider how indigenous communities are developing new knowledge, as well as linking ecological and cultural restoration, to influence natural resource management decisions on indigenous lands. In addition, a case study comparison will provide insight into different laws and policies in Canada and the U.S. that impact indigenous sovereignty and self-determination. Furthermore, a more comprehensive understanding of co-management, both in terms of possibilities and limitations, will help indigenous communities and state agencies move beyond lawsuits over resource management conflicts. Finally, research outputs will include practical tools for the Xaxli'p and Karuk communities to use as they continue eco-cultural restoration activities. As a Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement award, this award also will provide support to enable a doctoral student to establish an independent research career.

该博士论文项目研究了北美土著社区和国家行为者之间对环境资源的共同管理，作为夺回和重新配置土著主权主张的一种手段。 原住民社区和国家机构之间自然资源管理的特点是对土地和资源高度不信任和冲突。 尽管协作管理协议越来越被视为一种解决方案，但共同管理经常被批评为国家驱动的项目，无法实现有意义的权力共享。该项目评估通过共同管理协议推进土著对有争议土地和资源的主权的方式和程度。 该研究评估了太平洋西北鲑鱼流域的两个典型案例，即美国加利福尼亚州的卡鲁克部落和加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省的 Xaxli'p 土著社区，这些社区将生态和文化恢复作为主要管理目标。 该项目的研究问题是：1）如何在共同管理中使用社区对生态文化恢复目标的阐述来建立社区对自然资源主张的合法性？ 2）随着时间的推移，共同管理如何形成土著主权主张？； 3) 土地和资源的获取如何通过社区和国家机构的共同管理流程进行转变？ 方法包括对共同管理流程的主要参与者进行半结构化访谈；参与观察恢复活动；文件分析；和参与式绘图。 分析涉及对软件进行编码采访，并采用访问分析方法来比较社区和国家机构共同管理所获得的收益以及共同管理者控制资源的机制。地理信息系统 (GIS) 制图和叠加分析将有助于识别卡鲁克和机构土地管理计划之间的异同。 研究结果将扩展环境治理的知识，特别是共同管理过程如何影响土著领土主权斗争，以及土地和资源的获取和控制问题。 调查人员还考虑土著社区如何开发新知识，以及如何将生态和文化恢复联系起来，以影响土著土地上的自然资源管理决策。 此外，案例研究比较将深入了解加拿大和美国影响土著主权和自决的不同法律和政策。 此外，更全面地了解共同管理的可能性和局限性，将有助于土著社区和国家机构摆脱因资源管理冲突而提起的诉讼。 最后，研究成果将包括 Xaxli'p 和 Karuk 社区在继续开展生态文化恢复活动时使用的实用工具。作为博士论文研究进步奖，该奖项还将为博士生建立独立的研究生涯提供支持。