EAGER: The relationship between microbial biogeography and ocean chemistry across a persistent oceanographic "hot spot" in the NE Pacific Ocean

EAGER：东北太平洋持续海洋学“热点”的微生物生物地理学与海洋化学之间的关系

• 批准号: 1205233
• 负责人: Virginia Armbrust
• 金额: $ 30万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-01-01 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1205233&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAGER; relationship; between; microbial; biogeography

The oceans are undergoing dramatic changes. Currently, two largely independently operating research communities -- geochemists and molecular ecologists -- examine potential biological repercussions of changes in ocean chemistry and physics. Geochemists focus primarily on large-scale resultant chemical features, with limited knowledge of underlying biological drivers. Molecular ecologists focus primarily on biodiversity of microbial ecosystems, with few direct linkages to process rates.With funding from this Early-Concept Grant for Exploratory Research (EAGER), a marine molecular biologist from the University of Washington, a marine inorganic biochemist from the University of Southern California, and a marine trace metal geochemist from Old Dominion University will conduct a multi-parameter exploratory survey cruise to collect and analyze shared geochemical and molecular data to identify chemical and physical drivers of distinct biogeochemical provinces in the sea. They have targeted a well-defined gradient in biogeochemical properties in the northeast Pacific where high nutrient, low chlorophyll waters limited by iron meet low nutrient, iron-replete waters with the long-term goal of understanding the sensitivity of province boundaries to climate change. The transition zone is a surrogate for a geochemical province boundary and is characterized by high biological activity and strong gradients in chemical parameters. The team hypothesizes that the physical/chemical front creates a distinctive biome with a disproportionate impact on the biogeochemistry of the region, an attribute that may be a fundamental feature of province boundaries. Accordingly, they will characterize multiple biological and chemical parameters on a detailed surface to seafloor zonal survey across this zone. Biological parameters include metagenomes and metatranscriptomes of the microbial community from surface to seafloor at carefully selected stations and gene-focused surveys at more broadly distributed stations. Chemical parameters at all stations include nutrients and dissolved concentrations of Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Mn, Co and Ni, key parameters in the GEOTRACES program. Shipboard work will include short-term (12-24 hr) on-deck incubations to examine relationships between rate processes and changes in community composition.This project is well suited to EAGER funding. The high risk associated with bringing these two research communities together to synthesize resulting data in meaningful ways is mitigated by the high reward associated with learning how to conduct oceanographic work in entirely new ways, moving beyond correlations to causations between biology and chemistry.Broader impacts: This study is motivated by the results from an NSF-sponsored community workshop that highlighted the transformative potential of bringing these two communities together to address underlying drivers of geochemical provinces. The team will invite cruise participation by a broad representation of the two communities, with a central requisite that all participants are broad thinkers that will readily share data in a timely fashion. Member of the U.S. Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCB) Scientific Steering Committee have encouraged submission of a proposal for a post-cruise meeting to share successes and "lessons learned". The results of this EAGER project will allow evaluation of the feasibility of joint molecular/geochemical sectional surveys on the scale of programs such as CLIVAR and GEOTRACES

海洋正在发生巨大的变化。目前，两个基本上独立运作的研究团体——地球化学家和分子生态学家——研究海洋化学和物理学变化的潜在生物影响。地球化学家主要关注大规模的化学特征，而对潜在的生物驱动因素的了解有限。分子生态学家主要关注微生物生态系统的生物多样性，与加工速率几乎没有直接联系。在这项探索性研究早期概念资助 (EAGER) 的资助下，华盛顿大学的海洋分子生物学家、该大学的海洋无机生物化学家南加州大学和奥多明尼恩大学的海洋微量金属地球化学家将进行多参数探索性调查巡航，收集和分析共享的地球化学和分子数据，以确定不同的化学和物理驱动因素海洋中的生物地球化学区。 他们的目标是在东北太平洋建立一个明确的生物地球化学特性梯度，其中高营养、低叶绿素的水体与铁含量低的水体相遇，长期目标是了解省份边界对气候变化的敏感性。过渡带是地球化学省边界的替代物，其特征是生物活性高和化学参数梯度强。研究小组假设，物理/化学前沿创造了一个独特的生物群落，对该地区的生物地球化学产生了不成比例的影响，这一属性可能是省界的基本特征。因此，他们将在整个区域的详细地表到海底分区调查中表征多种生物和化学参数。生物学参数包括在精心选择的站点上从表面到海底的微生物群落的宏基因组和元转录组，以及在更广泛分布的站点上进行的以基因为中心的调查。所有站的化学参数包括营养物和铁、铜、锌、镉、锰、钴和镍的溶解浓度，这是 GEOTRACES 程序的关键参数。 船上工作将包括短期（12-24 小时）甲板上孵化，以检查速率过程和社区组成变化之间的关系。该项目非常适合 EAGER 资助。将这两个研究团体聚集在一起以有意义的方式合成结果数据所带来的高风险，通过学习如何以全新的方式进行海洋学工作（超越生物学和化学之间的因果关系）相关的高回报来减轻。更广泛的影响：这项研究的动机是由 NSF 赞助的社区研讨会的结果，该研讨会强调了将这两个社区聚集在一起以解决地球化学省的潜在驱动因素的变革潜力。该团队将邀请两个社区的广泛代表参与巡航，其核心要求是所有参与者都是广泛的思想家，愿意及时共享数据。美国海洋碳和生物地球化学（OCB）科学指导委员会的成员鼓励提交一份关于巡航后会议的提案，以分享成功和“经验教训”。 该 EAGER 项目的结果将有助于评估 CLIVAR 和 GEOTRACES 等项目规模的联合分子/地球化学剖面调查的可行性