IRFP: Field Energetics and Diving Physiology of a Small Cetacean, the Harbor Porpoise

IRFP：小型鲸类（港湾鼠海豚）的场能学和潜水生理学

基本信息

批准号：
1159123
负责人：
Birgitte McDonald
金额：
$ 15.15万
依托单位：
McDonald Birgitte I
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Fellowship Award
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2013-04-01 至 2015-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1159123&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
IRFP Field Energetics Diving Physiology

项目摘要

The International Research Fellowship Program enables U.S. scientists and engineers to conduct nine to twenty-four months of research abroad. The program's awards provide opportunities for joint research, and the use of unique or complementary facilities, expertise and experimental conditions abroad. This award will support a twenty-four-month research fellowship to Dr. Birgitte I. McDonald to work with Drs. Peter Madsen and Tobias Wang at Aarhus University in Aarhus, Denmark. Cetaceans (whales, dolphins and porpoises) are among the largest animals ever to evolve, and as apex predators in marine ecosystems, they have a significant top-down effect on prey targeted during long, deep breath-hold dives. It is therefore essential to understand the energetic requirements and oxygen management of cetaceans if we are to interpret and understand their role in the trophic energy cascades, their foraging ecology, limits of dive performance and ability to adapt to environmental change and disturbance. However, very little is known about the field physiology of cetaceans due their size and hostile habitats. Harbor porpoises are a unique model species to study the metabolic rates and diving physiology in a wild cetacean because of their small size and ability to be studied in captivity as well as in the wildThis research addresses the above knowledge gaps by determining the energetic requirements and oxygen management strategy during diving in one of the smallest cetaceans, the harbor porpoise. The three main objectives are 1) Determining the field metabolic rate of harbor porpoises using a combination of field and laboratory studies, 2) Measuring heart rate in freely diving harbor porpoises, which for the first time document the level of bradycardia in a naturally diving cetacean. In addition, accelerometers will be used to determine workload/activity during dives. The relationship between heart rate and activity will be used to assess the potential level of muscle perfusion during dives with different activity levels, and 3) develop a self-contained biologger to measure blood flow and heart rate that can be used to measure cardiac output in freely diving marine mammals. The project provides important information on the metabolic requirements of a declining species that will aid in management and provides insight into the diving physiology of cetaceans. Further, it provides high level scientific training, fosters new domestic and international scientific collaborations, and offers expansive outreach activities including: 1) The training of the principle investigator in new research techniques and provides her with opportunities to teach and mentor graduate and undergraduate students. 2) The development and fostering of international and interdisciplinary collaborations. 3) Knowledge exchange between the principle investigator and the host institution. 4) The development of a blood flow data logger that can be used in a variety of diving animals to improve our understanding of oxygen management during diving. And 5) education outreach through the Fjord and Bælt Center (http://www.fjord-baelt.dk) about the importance of physiological research in understanding the ecology and biology of an organism and its role in the ecosystem.

国际研究奖学金计划使美国科学家和工程师能够在国外进行九到二十四个月的研究，该计划的奖项提供了联合研究以及使用国外独特或互补的设施、专业知识和实验条件的机会。为 Birgitte I. McDonald 博士提供为期 24 个月的研究奖学金，与丹麦奥尔胡斯大学的 Peter Madsen 和 Tobias Wang 博士一起研究鲸类（鲸鱼、海豚和海豚）是有史以来进化的最大的动物之一，作为海洋生态系统中的顶级捕食者，它们在长时间、深屏气潜水期间对目标猎物具有显着的自上而下的影响，因此了解能量需求和氧气至关重要。如果我们要解释和理解鲸类动物在营养能量级联中的作用、它们的觅食生态、潜水性能的限制以及适应环境变化和干扰的能力，我们就需要对它们进行管理。然而，我们对鲸类的野外生理学知之甚少。由于它们的体型和恶劣的栖息地，港湾鼠海豚是研究野生鲸类新陈代谢率和潜水生理学的独特模型物种，因为它们体型较小，并且能够在圈养和野外进行研究。通过确定最小的鲸目动物之一港湾鼠海豚潜水期间的能量需求和氧气管理策略来弥补知识差距。三个主要目标是 1) 使用确定港湾鼠海豚的野外代谢率。结合现场和实验室研究，2）测量自由潜水的港湾鼠海豚的心率，这首次记录了自然潜水鲸类动物的心动过缓水平。此外，加速度计将用于确定潜水期间的工作量/活动。心率和活动之间的关系将用于评估不同活动水平潜水期间肌肉灌注的潜在水平，并且3）开发一个独立的生物记录仪来测量血流量和心率，可以该项目可用于测量自由潜水海洋哺乳动物的心输出量，提供有关正在衰退的物种的代谢需求的重要信息，这将有助于管理并深入了解鲸类的潜水生理学。新的国内和国际科学合作，并提供广泛的外展活动，包括：1）对主要研究者进行新研究技术的培训，并为她提供教授和指导研究生和本科生的机会2）发展和培养国际和跨学科的人才。 3）知识合作。主要研究者和主办机构之间的交流 4) 开发可用于各种潜水动物的血流数据记录仪，以提高我们对潜水过程中氧气管理的了解 5) 通过峡湾和贝尔特进行教育推广。中心 (http://www.fjord-baelt.dk) 关于生理研究在理解生物体的生态学和生物学及其在生态系统中的作用方面的重要性。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（5）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Drivers of the dive response in trained harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena )

训练有素的港湾鼠海豚 (Phocoena phocoena) 的潜水反应驱动力

DOI：
10.1242/jeb.208637
发表时间：
2019-10
期刊：
Journal of Experimental Biology
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Elmegaard, S. L.;McDonald, B. I.;Madsen, P. T.
通讯作者：
Madsen, P. T.

High field metabolic rates of wild harbour porpoises

野生港江豚的高田间代谢率

DOI：
10.1242/jeb.185827
发表时间：
2018-12
期刊：
The Journal of Experimental Biology
影响因子：
0
作者：
Rojano;McDonald, Birgitte I.;Wisniewska, Danuta M.;Johnson, Mark;Teilmann, Jonas;Wahlberg, Magnus;Højer;Madsen, Peter T.
通讯作者：
Madsen, Peter T.

Stroke effort and relative lung volume influence heart rate in diving sea lions

每搏力和相对肺容量影响潜水海狮的心率

DOI：
10.1242/jeb.214163
发表时间：
2020-03
期刊：
Journal of Experimental Biology
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
McDonald, Birgitte I.;Tift, Michael S.;Hückstädt, Luis A.;Jeffko, Michael;Ponganis, Paul J.
通讯作者：
Ponganis, Paul J.

Dive heart rate in harbour porpoises is influenced by exercise and expectations

港湾鼠海豚的潜水心率受运动和期望的影响