CAREER: Air-sea Exchange of Volatile Organic Compounds--Impacts on Climate and Atmospheric Chemistry

职业：挥发性有机化合物的海气交换——对气候和大气化学的影响

• 批准号: 1151430
• 负责人: Timothy Bertram
• 金额: $ 64.12万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-06-01 至 2015-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1151430&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Air; sea; Exchange; Volatile

Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC), emitted from photosynthetic organisms, play a controlling role in both regulating oxidant loadings and setting the production rate of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in both terrestrial and marine environments. To date, the vast majority of research has focused on terrestrial sources of BVOC, with specific attention to the factors that control the emission rates of isoprene, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes. In comparison, considerably less is known about marine BVOC emissions. Similar to terrestrial processes, the spatio-temporal distribution of marine BVOC emissions is thought to be highly variable, depending on the number concentration and species of photosynthetic organism. It has been suggested that marine BVOC emissions in highly productive regions of the oceans: 1) impact oxidant loadings in the marine boundary layer (MBL), 2) contribute to SOA production, and 3) alter particle size and microphysical properties, thus impacting cloud formation and persistence in the MBL. At present, there exists an extreme paucity of experimental data of BVOC fluxes to constrain global models of ocean BVOC emissions and their subsequent impact on climate and atmospheric chemistry. This multi-scale investigation is designed to link detailed laboratory investigations of isoprene and total monoterpene production from isolated monocultures of an array of relevant marine organisms with direct measurements of isoprene and total monoterpene emissions made via eddy correlation during coastal algae blooms from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) pier and during a research cruise in a region of high biological activity and high wind speeds.The educational component of the effort involves coupling with the Birch Aquarium, the educational outreach center of SIO, and their Summer Learning Adventure Camp programs to: 1) Develop a hands-on experiment, for students in 7-9th grade, to investigate the uptake of carbon dioxide by the ocean and its impact on ocean acidity. The lesson will discuss fundamental scientific concepts (e.g., solubility, acid-base chemistry), while investigating how the atmosphere and oceans are linked. Further, the experiment will be designed with the intent of teaching students the scientific process in which hypotheses are designed and tested. 2) Connect graduate students, who have designed miniature carbon dioxide sensors as part of an existing analytical chemistry graduate class, with 7-9th grade students who will then use these sensors in their hands-on experiment. 3) Engage 7-9th grade students as they discover active research alongside graduate student guides and participate in hands-on experiments. Students will make observations, collect data, and learn about a variety of scientific instruments and their applications.

光合生物排放的生物挥发性有机化合物 (BVOC) 在陆地和海洋环境中调节氧化剂负荷和设定二次有机气溶胶 (SOA) 的产生速率方面发挥着控制作用。迄今为止，绝大多数研究都集中在 BVOC 的陆地来源，特别关注控制异戊二烯、单萜和倍半萜排放速率的因素。相比之下，人们对海洋 BVOC 排放的了解要少得多。与陆地过程类似，海洋 BVOC 排放的时空分布被认为是高度可变的，具体取决于光合生物的数量浓度和种类。有人认为，海洋高产区域的海洋 BVOC 排放：1) 影响海洋边界层 (MBL) 中的氧化剂负荷，2) 有助于 SOA 的产生，3) 改变颗粒尺寸和微物理特性，从而影响云MBL 中的形成和持久性。目前，BVOC 通量的实验数据极其缺乏，无法限制海洋 BVOC 排放及其对气候和大气化学的后续影响的全球模型。这项多尺度调查旨在将对一系列相关海洋生物的分离单一培养物的异戊二烯和总单萜产量的详细实验室调查与斯克里普斯研究所沿海藻类繁殖期间通过涡流相关法进行的异戊二烯和总单萜排放量的直接测量联系起来。海洋学 (SIO) 码头以及在生物活动高、风速高的区域进行研究巡航期间。这项工作的教育部分涉及与伯奇水族馆 (Birch Aquarium) 的合作，该水族馆是海洋学的教育外展中心SIO 及其夏季学习冒险营计划旨在： 1) 为 7-9 年级的学生开发一项动手实验，以调查海洋吸收二氧化碳及其对海洋酸度的影响。本课程将讨论基本科学概念（例如溶解度、酸碱化学），同时研究大气和海洋之间的联系。此外，实验的设计目的是教学生设计和测试假设的科学过程。 2) 将设计了微型二氧化碳传感器作为现有分析化学研究生课程一部分的研究生与 7-9 年级的学生联系起来，然后他们将在动手实验中使用这些传感器。 3) 让 7-9 年级的学生在研究生指导下发现积极的研究并参与实践实验。学生将进行观察、收集数据并了解各种科学仪器及其应用。