A novel approach for evaluating temporal and spatial changes in trophic structure of the mesopelagic eastern Pacific

评估东太平洋中层营养结构时空变化的新方法

• 批准号: 1155728
• 负责人: Paul Koch
• 金额: $ 51.64万
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Cruz
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-03-01 至 2016-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1155728&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: novel; approach; evaluating; temporal; spatial

Anthropogenic and natural climatic perturbations drive changes in population dynamics of species, the structure and function of food webs, and biogeochemical processes. The PIs propose a comparative analysis of three major ecosystems to investigate temporal change in the structure of mesopelagic food webs. Intellectual Merit: The PIs will investigate temporal changes in the structure of mesopelagic food webs in three major ecosystems: the California Current, Eastern Tropical Pacific, and the Peru-Humboldt Current over the past 50 years using a globally distributed apex predator as an indicator species. The predator is the sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus, and the PIs will use stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen as indicators of habitat and diet. Isotope values from bulk tissues of teeth and skin (C and N) as well as specific amino acids (N) will be used to address two primary objectives: (a) examine temporal patterns in the trophic position of sperm whales (as an indicator of changes in mesopelagic trophic structure) and baseline isotopic values (as indicators of nutrient cycling); and (b) use isotopic values, which vary among systems, to define the population structure of sperm whales from past and present times, and connectivity among populations.Broader Impacts: This project will be conducted by researchers from academia and NOAA/NMFS with expertise in stable isotope analysis, trophic ecology, and ecosystem-based management of protected species. As such, it represents an opportunity for collaboration between scientists with complementary skills and from diverse institutions to compare structure and function of ecosystems across the eastern Pacific. Moreover, it represents a collaboration between academia and a federal agency with research and management responsibilities. The project will support a postdoctoral scholar (Iliana Ruiz-Cooley), a Ph.D. student, and undergraduate students to enhance their career and collaborative opportunities. The PIs anticipate that the results of their study will provide unique data to evaluate the effects of perturbations within and among mesopelagic ecosystems. This information may allow the scientific community to relate trends in climate to changes in trophic position of top predators and nutrient cycling, allowing more robust understanding of possible responses to future warming. Finally, as the first systematic applications of compound-specific stable isotope analysis to marine mammals, the project should be highly instructive for future evaluations of the feeding ecology, population structure and dynamics of endangered marine mammals. As such, this novel approach and unique historic perspective will be directly applicable for stock assessment and management.

人为和自然的气候扰动驱动物种种群动态，食物网的结构和功能以及生物地球化学过程的变化。 PI提出了对三个主要生态系统的比较分析，以研究中质食品网的结构的时间变化。 知识分子的优点：PI将研究三个主要生态系统中介质食品网的结构的时间变化：加利福尼亚州电流，东部热带太平洋和秘鲁 - 汉博尔特在过去50年中使用全球分布式顶点捕食者作为指示物种。 捕食者是Sperm Whale，Physter Macrocephalus，PIS将使用碳和氮的稳定同位素比作为栖息地和饮食的指标。 牙齿和皮肤（C和N）的同位素值以及特定的氨基酸（N）将用于解决两个主要目标：（a）检查骨鲸的营养位置的时间模式（作为中质营养营养结构的变化）和基线同位素值（作为基线同位素值的变化指标） （b）使用在系统之间有所不同的同位素值来定义过去和现在的晶石鲸的种群结构，以及人群之间的连通性。BRODER的影响：该项目将由学术界和NOAA/NMF的研究人员进行，NOAA/NMF具有稳定的同位素生态学，Trophic Ecology和Ecosystem Inkited Matected Mattery Mantect otected Mattery oted Matter otected oted Mattery oted oted toctected oted toctect ofteryst ofstable sancip。因此，它代表了具有互补技能的科学家与不同机构的科学家之间合作的机会，可以比较东太平洋地区生态系统的结构和功能。此外，它代表了学术界与具有研究和管理职责的联邦机构之间的合作。 该项目将支持博士学位博士学位学者（Iliana Ruiz-Cooley）。学生和本科生，以增强他们的职业和协作机会。 PI预计他们的研究结果将提供独特的数据，以评估中质生态系统内外的扰动的影响。这些信息可能使科学界能够将气候趋势与顶级捕食者和营养循环的营养位置的变化联系起来，从而使人们对可能对未来变暖的可能反应有更深入的了解。最后，作为对海洋哺乳动物的第一个系统应用，该项目应具有对濒危海洋哺乳动物的进食生态，种群结构和动态的未来评估的高度启发性。因此，这种新颖的方法和独特的历史观点将直接适用于库存评估和管理。

项目成果

Effects of decalcification on bulk and compound-specific nitrogen and carbon isotope analyses of dentin: Effects of decalcification on isotope analyses of dentin

脱钙对牙本质整体和化合物特异性氮和碳同位素分析的影响：脱钙对牙本质同位素分析的影响

• DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7073
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry
• 影响因子: 2
• 作者: Brault, Emily K.;Koch, Paul L.;Gier, Elizabeth;Ruiz-Cooley, R. I.;Zupcic, Jessica;Gilbert, Kwasi N.;McCarthy, Matthew D.
• 通讯作者: McCarthy, Matthew D.