CAREER: Studies of Dynamics and Control of Quantum Many-Body Systems Far from Equilibrium

职业：远离平衡的量子多体系统的动力学和控制研究

• 批准号: 1147430
• 负责人: Lea Ferreira dos Santos
• 金额: $ 47.5万
• 依托单位: Yeshiva University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-04-01 至 2017-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1147430&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Studies; Dynamics; Control; Quantum

TECHNICAL SUMMARYThis award supports theoretical research and education on quantum many-body systems far from equilibrium. There are three main research thrusts:1. Transport properties of integrable and nonintegrable systems far from equilibrium: The PI will focus on the conditions under which ballistic and diffusive transport behaviors are established. Both will be considered, that of isolated systems and that of systems interacting with two heat baths at different temperatures. 2. The conditions for thermalization in isolated quantum many-body systems. It has been argued that thermal equilibrium is achieved when the eigenstates of the system become chaotic. However, open questions remain. The PI will investigate how the system relaxes to equilibrium, particularly when the factors that prevent thermalization are included. The PI also aims to develop a proper definition of entropy for systems out of equilibrium.3. The development of new quantum control methods to induce a desired transport behavior. The PI aims to develop tools to achieve, through dynamical decoupling techniques, regimes and phases of interest for theoretical and experimental studies of nonequilibrium quantum many-body systems.These three research lines will be developed in parallel being amplified by the synergies that result from the study of different aspects of similar systems. Experiments will motivate the choice of models that will be used. Among these are experiments on thermal transport in magnetic compounds; on thermalization and quantum phase transitions in ultracold atoms trapped in optical lattices; and on control of magnetization and information transfer in spin systems. This award also supports education and outreach activities with the goals: to continue engaging female undergraduate students in research projects, in part through new projects inspired by the research; to modernize the curriculum at Stern College for Women of Yeshiva University with new courses that expose all science students to programming and to concepts of modern physics at an early stage of their undergraduate studies; to create a webpage for posting computer codes from courses and research projects together with their explanations, aiming at contributing to the integration of teaching and research at other institutions; and to offer research opportunities for high school students in the New York area.NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARYThis award supports theoretical research and education on how heat, magnetism, and information propagate through systems of electrons, or more generally through systems of many interacting particles that are described by the laws of quantum mechanics. These systems are generally very far from the balanced state of equilibrium. The PI aims to advance understanding of nonequilibrium quantum physics which is far less understood than equilibrium quantum physics. The research is likely to have impact beyond the specific context and may have impact on other disciplines from physics, chemistry, and materials to biology and climate. Specific goals of this project include understanding how the behavior of systems that are far from equilibrium unfolds with time, how such systems eventually relax to reach equilibrium, and how can nonequilibrium systems be controlled and manipulated to produce a desired outcome.From a technological perspective, understanding and controlling the transport of heat, magnetization, and information in quantum systems of interacting particles is vital. One of the most challenging aspects in the development of new electronic devices, such as microchips and hard disks, for instance, is the mitigation of local heating. At the level of magnetization currents, the understanding and control of magnetization transport are essential for spintronics, where the magnetic properties of the electron are exploited in addition to the electron charge for device operation. Quantum computation and quantum information processing, which may revolutionize computation capabilities and encryption technology for security, also require efficient methods for the transport of information.This award also supports education and outreach activities with the goals: to continue engaging female undergraduate students in research projects, in part through new projects inspired by the research; to modernize the curriculum at Stern College for Women of Yeshiva University with new courses that expose all science students to programming and to concepts of modern physics at an early stage of their undergraduate studies; to create a webpage for posting computer codes from courses and research projects together with their explanations, aiming at contributing to the integration of teaching and research at other institutions; and to offer research opportunities for high school students in the New York area.

技术摘要该奖项支持远离平衡的量子多体系统的理论研究和教育。主要研究方向有以下三点： 1．可积和不可积系统远离平衡的输运特性：PI 将重点关注建立弹道和扩散输运行为的条件。孤立系统和与不同温度下的两个热浴相互作用的系统都将被考虑。 2. 孤立量子多体系统热化的条件。有人认为，当系统的本征态变得混沌时，就实现了热平衡。然而，仍然存在悬而未决的问题。 PI 将研究系统如何松弛至平衡，特别是当包含阻止热化的因素时。 PI 还旨在为失衡系统制定正确的熵定义。3． 开发新的量子控制方法以诱导所需的传输行为。 PI 的目标是开发工具，通过动态解耦技术实现非平衡量子多体系统理论和实验研究的相关机制和阶段。这三个研究方向将并行开发，并通过协同效应得到放大。研究类似系统的不同方面。实验将激发将要使用的模型的选择。其中包括磁性化合物热传输实验；关于光学晶格中超冷原子的热化和量子相变；以及自旋系统中磁化和信息传递的控制。该奖项还支持教育和推广活动，其目标是：继续让女本科生参与研究项目，部分通过受研究启发的新项目；使叶史瓦大学斯特恩女子学院的课程现代化，开设新课程，让所有理科学生在本科学习的早期阶段接触编程和现代物理学概念；创建一个网页，用于发布课程和研究项目的计算机代码及其解释，旨在促进其他机构教学和研究的一体化；并为纽约地区的高中生提供研究机会。非技术摘要该奖项支持关于热、磁和信息如何通过电子系统或更普遍地通过许多相互作用的粒子系统传播的理论研究和教育由量子力学定律描述。这些系统通常距离平衡状态很远。 PI 旨在增进对非平衡量子物理的理解，非平衡量子物理的理解远不如平衡量子物理。这项研究可能会产生超出特定背景的影响，并可能对物理、化学、材料、生物学和气候等其他学科产生影响。该项目的具体目标包括了解远离平衡的系统的行为如何随着时间的推移而展开，这些系统如何最终放松以达到平衡，以及如何控制和操纵非平衡系统以产生期望的结果。从技术角度来看，理解和控制相互作用粒子的量子系统中的热、磁化和信息的传输至关重要。微芯片和硬盘等新型电子设备开发中最具挑战性的方面之一是减轻局部加热。在磁化电流水平上，磁化输运的理解和控制对于自旋电子学至关重要，在自旋电子学中，除了电子电荷之外，还利用电子的磁性来进行器件操作。 量子计算和量子信息处理可能会彻底改变计算能力和安全加密技术，也需要有效的信息传输方法。该奖项还支持教育和推广活动，其目标是：继续让女本科生参与研究项目，部分是通过受研究启发的新项目；使叶史瓦大学斯特恩女子学院的课程现代化，开设新课程，让所有理科学生在本科学习的早期阶段接触编程和现代物理学概念；创建一个网页，用于发布课程和研究项目的计算机代码及其解释，旨在促进其他机构教学和研究的一体化；并为纽约地区的高中生提供研究机会。