CAREER: Development of Environmentally Benign Piezoelectric Materials for Sustainable Systems

职业：为可持续系统开发环境友好的压电材料

• 批准号: 1151701
• 负责人: Brady Gibbons
• 金额: $ 43.89万
• 依托单位: Oregon State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-07-01 至 2018-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1151701&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Development; Environmentally; Benign; Piezoelectric

NON-TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION: Piezoelectrics are an incredibly useful family of materials that are used in sensors and actuators. In sensing, when they are deformed an electric charge is created in proportion to the deformation; for actuation, when they are subjected to an electric field a shape change is induced in proportion to the applied field. This behavior leads to applications such as ultrasonic imaging, fuel injection, micropositioning, energy harvesting, and microelectromechanical systems (ink jet print heads, microsensors, etc.). Unfortunately the most ubiquitous piezoelectric materials contain lead. The toxicity of lead has resulted in its elimination in paints and solders. Worldwide efforts are now underway to eliminate lead from all devices, including piezoelectrics. The aim of this research is to develop piezoelectric materials that do not contain lead for use in small-scale sensing and actuation applications. The elimination of lead is highly desirable in terms of processing and device fabrication, disposal at end-of-life, as well as opening up new application areas (in vivo sensing and actuation). In addition, this project acts as a vehicle for both recruiting and retaining a future generation of engineers and scientists that is diverse in terms of both gender and ethnicity. By integration with two mentoring programs that bring Oregon high school, undergraduate and graduate students, and the professor together, a pyramid of mentorship in the laboratory is being created and diversity is increased.TECHNICAL DETAILS: The most prevalent piezoelectric material is based on Pb(Zr1-xTix)O3 (PZT). Recent worldwide regulatory restrictions on the use of lead have resulted in numerous groups searching for and examining lead-free replacement piezoelectric materials. The primary candidates to replace PZT are Bi, Na, and K based perovskites. However, to date research has largely neglected taking a thorough approach to thin film implementation of these materials, which is ultimately desired. Therefore a major opportunity exists to provide insight to the significant thin film processing issues and defect-related phenomena in these complex, volatile, multi-cation systems (which are exacerbated by the anisometric nature of thin film architectures). This work is designed to develop synthesis methodologies to high performing lead-free piezoelectric thin films using chemical solution and physical vapor routes. Novel elemental and structural characterization methods are used to understand the stoichiometry and defect equilibria present in these complex materials, and their impact on the ultimate ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties. Finally, this program acts as a critical vehicle for both recruiting and retaining a future generation of engineers and scientists that is diverse in terms of both gender and ethnicity. A culture of mentoring in the professor's laboratory is being fostered that enhances the connection of students to the field while also reaching out to recruit high school level students and attracting them to engineering and the sciences. This goal is being accomplished by collaborating with two programs at Oregon State University that bring underrepresented high school students to campus every summer to participate in research projects that are based on deposition and characterization of lead-free piezoelectric thin films.

非技术描述：压电是一种非常有用的材料系列，用于传感器和执行器。在感应中，当它们变形时，电荷会按照变形成比例。为了致动，当它们受到电场的影响时，形状的变化将与应用场成比例。这种行为导致了超声成像，燃油喷射，微置，能量收集和微电机电系统（墨水喷射头，微传感器等）等应用。不幸的是，最普遍的压电材料含有铅。铅的毒性导致其在油漆和焊料中消除。现在正在全球努力，以消除包括压电在内的所有设备的铅。这项研究的目的是开发不包含用于小规模感应和驱动应用的铅的压电材料。在处理和设备制造，寿命末的处置以及开放新的应用领域（体内感应和驱动）方面，消除铅是非常可取的。此外，该项目是招募和保留一代工程师和科学家的工具，这些工程师和科学家在性别和种族方面都有多样化。通过与两个指导计划的集成，使俄勒冈高中，本科生和研究生以及教授一起建立了实验室指导的金字塔，并增加了多样性。技术细节：最普遍的压电材料是基于PB（ZR1-Stexix）O3（pzt）。最近在全球使用铅的监管限制导致许多群体搜索和检查无铅替换压电材料。替代PZT的主要候选者是基于BI，Na和K的钙钛矿。但是，迄今为止，研究在很大程度上忽略了这些材料的薄膜实施方法，最终是必需的。因此，存在一个很大的机会，可以在这些复杂，挥发性的多燃料系统（因薄膜体系结构的动态特性而加剧）中，洞悉重要的薄膜处理问题和与缺陷相关的现象。这项工作旨在开发合成方法，以使用化学溶液和物理蒸气路线来促进高性能无铅压电薄膜。新型的元素和结构表征方法用于了解这些复杂材料中存在的化学计量和缺陷平衡，以及它们对最终铁电和压电特性的影响。最后，该计划是招募和保留未来一代工程师和科学家的关键工具，这些工程师和科学家在性别和种族方面都是多样的。在教授实验室中进行指导的文化正在培养，从而增强了学生与该领域的联系，同时还可以接触到招募高中生的学生并吸引他们进入工程学和科学。这项目标是通过与俄勒冈州立大学的两个课程合作来实现的，这些课程每年夏天将代表性不足的高中学生带到校园，以参与基于沉积和表征的无铅压电薄膜的研究项目。