CAREER: Volcano Acoustics: From Vent to Receiver

职业：火山声学：从通风口到接收器

• 批准号: 1151662
• 负责人: Jeffrey Johnson
• 金额: $ 60万
• 依托单位: Boise State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-07-01 至 2017-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1151662&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Volcano; Acoustics; Vent; Receiver

This CAREER proposal, co-funded by two Divisions in the Directorate of Geosciences (Earth Sciences and Atmospheric and Geospatial Sciences), is constructed around a plan for improving our knowledge of the source physics and atmospheric propagation effects that take place during volcanic eruptions while training students and international participants in these novel techniques. When volcanoes erupt they impinge upon the atmosphere and produce high-amplitude acoustic radiation. These volcano sounds are comprised of both high frequency (i.e., audible) and sub-sonic energy (i.e., low frequency, or infrasonic) components, which are directly relatable to the style and intensity of an eruption. Volcano acoustics is thus an important tool for both remotely tracking an eruption, which is vital to volcano monitoring endeavors, and for quantifying material fluxes, which is fundamentally important for studies of eruption dynamics. Moreover, because low frequency volcano sounds are often exceptionally intense they are generally detectable at distances ranging from tens to thousands of kilometers from the volcano. This allows for implementation of acoustic remote sensing networks for continuous surveillance of restless volcanoes and to probe the intervening atmosphere to track changeable winds and temperatures, which influence sound propagation.Toward the improved understanding of eruption source physics and atmospheric propagation effects, PI Jeffrey Johnson and colleagues, along with a team of graduate students, will investigate volcano acoustic sources and the evolution of these signals as they are transmitted through the atmosphere. During proposed field work the research team will utilize dense networks of specialized broadband microphones to record the intense (and often continuous) acoustic signals produced by a spectrum of active volcanoes in Latin America. Together with conjoint optical, multi-spectral, and meteorological observations they will develop and test models of sound generation and atmospheric sound transmission. Acoustic source physics and propagation modeling have vital impacts for the burgeoning fields of atmospheric infrasound studies, which encompass disciplines as varied as nuclear test ban monitoring, explosion physics, urban noise pollution, microbarom climatology, atmospheric tomography, and geophysical investigation of phenomena such as thunder, bolides, and earthquakes. Broader impacts of the proposed volcano dynamical studies are also expected to lead to development of improved surveillance techniques for monitoring hazardous volcanoes, which can ultimately lead to better forecasting and mitigation of volcanic hazards. The international nature of this work will foster collaboration between scientists in the U.S., Mexico, Guatemala, Ecuador, and Chile.

这项职业建议由地球科学局（地球科学，大气和地理空间科学）共同资助，围绕着一项计划，以提高我们对在这些新颖技术培训学生和国际参与者的火山爆发期间发生的源物理学和大气传播效应的知识。当火山爆发时，它们会影响大气并产生高振幅的声学辐射。 这些火山的声音既包括高频（即听到）和亚辅音能量（即低频或不动数）组件，它们与喷发的样式和强度直接相关。 因此，火山声学是远程跟踪喷发的重要工具，这对于火山监测努力至关重要，对于量化材料通量至关重要，这对于喷发动力学的研究至关重要。 此外，由于低频火山的声音通常非常强烈，通常在距火山数十到数千公里的距离时可以检测到它们。 这允许实施声学遥感网络，以连续监视躁动的火山，并探测中间的气氛，以跟踪可变的风和温度，这会影响声音传播。对喷发源物理学和大气传播效应的了解得到了进一步的理解，并与Pi Jeffrey Johnson和Collea counture counter cillosion一起研究，这些杂志的学生将逐渐宣布供应。信号是通过大气传播的。 在拟议的现场工作期间，研究团队将利用专门的宽带麦克风的密集网络记录拉丁美洲一系列活火山谱产生的强烈（且通常是连续的）声学信号。 连同连接光学，多光谱和气象观测，他们将开发和测试声音发电和大气声传播的模型。 声学物理学和传播建模对大气界面研究的迅速发展产生了重要影响，该领域涵盖了像核试验禁令监测，爆炸物理学，城市噪声污染，微生物气候学，大气层造影，大气层造影和地球物理研究一样多样化的学科。预计拟议的火山动力学研究的更广泛的影响还会导致改进的监视技术来监测有害火山，这最终可能导致更好地预测和缓解火山危害。 这项工作的国际性质将促进美国，墨西哥，危地马拉，厄瓜多尔和智利之间的科学家之间的合作。