Dimensions: Collaborative Research: Functional Diversity of Microbial Trophic Guilds Defined Using Stable Isotope Ratios of Proteins

维度：合作研究：使用蛋白质稳定同位素比率定义的微生物营养组的功能多样性

• 批准号: 1136484
• 负责人: Ann Pearson
• 金额: $ 77.28万
• 依托单位: Harvard University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-10-01 至 2015-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1136484&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dimensions; Collaborative; Research; Functional; Diversity

Advancements in DNA sequencing technology have accelerated the pace of discovery of species and gene distributions, especially for microorganisms. This acceleration contrasts with slower progress in linking environmental genetics and taxonomic diversity to the function, resource utilization, and ecological niches of these organisms. This project will develop a novel application of isotope geochemistry and apply it in the field of biochemical oceanography as a first step toward tackling these challenges. The goal of the project is to combine natural isotope ratio data with proteomics. Different metabolic processes yield different ratios of the stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and sulfur; and by measuring these ratios on specific proteins, these natural isotope signals can attribute biogeochemical processes (functions) to specific microbes (taxonomic and genetic information). Because this is a novel methodology, the project first will seek to identify the fundamental principles of natural isotopic sorting that could result from different types of trophic structure. This will be implemented using pure cultures and then will be tested on a model ecosystem from a stratified lake. An example of a question to be answered is: How does the distribution of organisms' genetic fingerprints in a mixed microbial community scale with the community's genetic diversity? Does higher genetic diversity predict more trophic, or feeding, levels?This research will help to develop a concept of trophic guilds and ecosystem dependence for microbes; such concepts are well developed in macro-ecology, but remain less well understood for microbial diversity. Ecosystem conservation is not possible without a better understanding of what maintains microbial functional and genetic diversity. The success of this project could lead to many further applications for understanding the physiological and ecological roles of uncultured microbes in the environment. The project has three principal investigators: an isotope geochemist, a microbial physiologist, and a microbial ecologist - a team well suited to achieve the interdisciplinary goal of linking geochemistry with microbial diversity. The proposed activities will educate a post-doctoral investigator, two graduate students, and several undergraduate summer students. Through additional activities such as The Cambridge Science Festival and Science by the Pint, the research also will be communicated to the general public.

DNA 测序技术的进步加快了物种和基因分布发现的步伐，尤其是微生物。 这种加速与将环境遗传学和分类多样性与这些生物体的功能、资源利用和生态位联系起来的缓慢进展形成鲜明对比。 该项目将开发同位素地球化学的新应用，并将其应用于生化海洋学领域，作为应对这些挑战的第一步。 该项目的目标是将天然同位素比数据与蛋白质组学结合起来。 不同的代谢过程会产生不同比例的碳、氮、氢和硫稳定同位素；通过测量特定蛋白质的这些比率，这些天然同位素信号可以将生物地球化学过程（功能）归因于特定微生物（分类学和遗传信息）。由于这是一种新颖的方法，该项目首先将寻求确定不同类型的营养结构可能产生的自然同位素分类的基本原理。 这将使用纯培养物来实施，然后在分层湖的模型生态系统上进行测试。 要回答的问题的一个例子是：混合微生物群落中生物体遗传指纹的分布如何与群落的遗传多样性相关？ 较高的遗传多样性是否预示着更高的营养水平或摄食水平？这项研究将有助于发展微生物的营养行会和生态系统依赖性的概念；这些概念在宏观生态学中已经得到很好的发展，但对微生物多样性的了解仍然较少。 如果不能更好地了解维持微生物功能和遗传多样性的因素，就不可能实现生态系统保护。 该项目的成功可能会带来许多进一步的应用，以了解环境中未培养微生物的生理和生态作用。 该项目有三名主要研究人员：同位素地球化学家、微生物生理学家和微生物生态学家——这个团队非常适合实现将地球化学与微生物多样性联系起来的跨学科目标。拟议的活动将培养一名博士后研究员、两名研究生和几名本科生暑期学生。通过剑桥科学节和品脱科学等其他活动，该研究也将向公众传播。

项目成果

Strong influence of the littoral zone on sedimentary lipid biomarkers in a meromictic lake

• DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12099
• 发表时间: 2014-11
• 期刊: Geobiology
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: R. Bovee;A. Pearson

Geochemically distinct carbon isotope distributions in Allochromatium vinosum DSM 180 T grown photoautotrophically and photoheterotrophically

光自养和光异养生长的 Allochromatium v​​inosum DSM 180 T 中地球化学上不同的碳同位素分布

• DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12221
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Geobiology
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Tang, T.;Mohr, W.;Sattin, S. R.;Rogers, D. R.;Girguis, P. R.;Pearson, A.
• 通讯作者: Pearson, A.

Protein Stable Isotope Fingerprinting: Multidimensional Protein Chromatography Coupled to Stable Isotope-Ratio Mass Spectrometry

• DOI: 10.1021/ac502494b
• 发表时间: 2014-09-02
• 期刊: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
• 影响因子: 7.4
• 作者: Mohr, Wiebke;Tang, Tiantian;Pearson, Ann
• 通讯作者: Pearson, Ann

Coupled reductive and oxidative sulfur cycling in the phototrophic plate of a meromictic lake

• DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12092
• 发表时间: 2014-09-01
• 期刊: GEOBIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Hamilton, T. L.;Bovee, R. J.;Macalady, J. L.
• 通讯作者: Macalady, J. L.