FESD Proposal, Type II: " CIDER-II synthesis center: Cooperative Institute for Dynamic Earth Research"

FESD 提案，类型 II：“CIDER-II 综合中心：动态地球研究合作研究所”

• 批准号: 1135452
• 负责人: Barbara Romanowicz
• 金额: $ 455.45万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-10-01 至 2018-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1135452&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: FESD; Proposal; Type; II; CIDER; FESD; Proposal; Type; II; CIDER

The PIs propose to develop CIDER-II, (Cooperative Institute for Dynamic Earth Research) as an "Institute without Walls" enabling Earth Scientists of all disciplines to share their knowledge in studying the fundamental processes responsible for plate tectonics and associated natural hazards, in particular earthquakes. CIDER II will facilitate concerted multi-disciplinary investigations involving leading researchers across a broad range of Earth Science disciplines. It will: * Foster synergies between individuals and small groups of interdisciplinary researchers in tackling the most important and difficult unsolved problems in solid earth science; * Provide an environment for the development of new ideas that will help identify the next generation of critical experiments and observations, and to build appreciation and support for them; * Provide a venue for cross-disciplinary education of scientists at all career levels.CIDER's goals are to help improve fundamental understanding of the Earth's evolution and present dynamics through a multi-disciplinary approach. It has been 40 years since the acceptance of plate tectonics theory, but no definitive agreement has yet been reached among geoscientists on the fundamental nature of the global dynamic processes that drive plate motions. The indication that a transformative approach is needed and is likely to be successful comes from new interpretation of global seismic tomographic models, indicating the existence of multiple depth domains in the Earth that show different properties of heterogeneity as a function of wavelength and depth. This suggests each depth domain has its own dynamics, but with some degree of coupling among them. Generally, a much more complex problem than has been considered until now. Meanwhile, a new generation of disciplinary tools is becoming available that are providing unprecedented views of the Earth's interior. Major infrastructure efforts are currently under way: Earthscope's USArray (http://www.earthscope.org) provides seismologists with a high resolution "window" into the lithosphere, deep mantle and core over the North American continent; COMPRES (http://compres.us) allows mineral physicists to perform advanced measurements on mineral properties at the high P-T conditions relevant to the Earth's deep interior, and to compare them with results of "first principles" calculations. CIG (http://www.geodynamics.org) provides geodynamicists and seismologists with a unified, state of the art framework for computations of mantle and core convection and seismic wave propagation. Extensive GPS networks and satellite observations are revolutionizing the fields of geodesy and geomagnetism (e.g. EarthScope's Plate Boundary Observatory, Oersted, Champ, GRACE and Swarm). Paleomagnetic data are being assembled into the MagIC database (earthref.org/MAGIC/). In geochemistry, the enormous volumes of high quality chemical and isotopic data gathered over the past 25 years are now part of systematic and broadly accessible databases (PETDB:www.petdb.org, GEOROC georoc.mpch-mainz.gwdg.de/georoc), and ever-improving analytical techniques are providing new perspectives on mantle processes at scales from micrometers to thousands of kilometers. Given the enormous amount and diversity of observations becoming available, a significant leap in the understanding of the constitution and evolution of our planet can be expected, if we can identify and focus on the key issues that necessarily span across disciplines, and build effective inter-disciplinary bridges to solve them.The role of CIDER-II will be to provide mechanisms for community evaluation, validation, problem reconciliation and consensus building. In each year, the activities of this "Center without walls" will be organized around a principal multi-disciplinary theme. The kick-off for each CIDER-II "theme" will be a 6-week summer program aimed at bringing together in one place researchers across disciplines, and across career levels, to define key questions that are ripe for synthesis and/or for a concerted multi-disciplinary research effort. CIDER-II will also provide support for working groups formed to address particular practical issues identified as ripe for synthesis. CIDER is inherently a broad impact program: it facilitates cross-education of earth scientists at any level in their career; it aims at educating a new generation of Earth scientists with a breadth of competence across disciplines required to make progress in understanding the dynamic earth. CIDER's web resources, including posting and webcasting of lectures given during the summer programs, as well as planned web forums and open publications, is designed to reach the entire community of earth scientists. CIDER will impact undergraduate education by producing a more broadly knowledgeable faculty cohort.

PIS建议开发苹果酒，（动态地球研究所合作研究所）作为“没有墙壁的研究所”，使所有学科的地球科学家能够分享他们在研究负责板块构造及其相关自然危害的基本过程时的知识，尤其是地震。苹果酒II将促进涉及广泛地球科学学科的领先研究人员的一致性多学科调查。它将： *促进个人与小组跨学科研究人员之间的协同作用，以解决固体地球科学中最重要，最困难的未解决问题； *为开发新思想提供一个环境，以帮助确定下一代的批判性实验和观察结果，并为其建立欣赏和支持； *在所有职业级别上提供了科学家跨学科教育的场所。Cider的目标是帮助提高对地球进化的基本理解，并通过多学科的方法来展示动态。自从接受板块构造理论以来已经有40年了，但是在地球科学家之间尚未达成关于驱动板块运动的全球动态过程的基本性质的确定性。需要进行变革性方法并且很可能成功的迹象来自对全球地震层析成像模型的新解释，这表明地球上存在多个深度域，这些深度域显示了异质性的不同特性，这是波长和深度的函数。这表明每个深度域都有自己的动态，但其中有一定程度的耦合。通常，一个比到目前为止考虑的要复杂得多的问题。同时，新一代的纪律工具正在使用，这些工​​具正在为地球内部提供前所未有的观点。目前正在进行主要的基础设施努力：Earthscope的USArray（http://www.earthscope.org）为地震学家提供了高分辨率的“窗口”，可进入岩石圈，深层地幔和北美大陆的核心； Compres（http://compres.us）允许矿物物理学家在与地球深内部相关的高P-T条件下对矿物质进行高级测量，并将其与“第一原理”计算的结果进行比较。 CIG（http://www.geodynamics.org）为地球动力学家和地震学家提供了一个统一的，最先进的地幔和核心对流和地震波传播的框架。广泛的GPS网络和卫星观测正在彻底改变地球和地球策略的田地（例如Earthscope的板块边界观测站，Oersted，Champ，Grace和Swarm）。古磁数据被组装到魔术数据库（Earthref.org/magic/）中。在地球化学上，过去25年收集的大量高质量化学和同位素数据现在是系统且广泛可访问的数据库的一部分（PETDB：www.petdb.org，Georoc georoc.mpch-mainz.mpch-mainz.gwdg.de/georoc），并在各个过程中均提供新的型号，并在范围内开发了新的特点。微米至数千公里。鉴于观察结果的巨大数量和多样性变得可用，如果我们能够确定并关注必要跨越学科的关键问题，并建立有效的跨学科桥梁，以建立挑战的作用，可以预期对我们星球的构成和演变的显着飞跃。每年，这个“无墙中心”的活动将围绕主要的多学科主题组织。每个苹果酒“主题”的开球将是一个为期6周的夏季计划，旨在将研究人员跨学科和职业层次融合在一起，以定义合成和/或一致的多学科研究工作成熟的关键问题。苹果酒II还将为成立的工作组提供支持，以解决被确定为成熟合成的特定实际问题。苹果酒本质上是一个广泛的影响计划：它促进了地球科学家在职业生涯中任何层面的交叉教育；它旨在教育新一代的地球科学家，并在理解动态地球方面取得进步所需的学科范围广泛。苹果酒的网络资源，包括在夏季节目期间提供的讲座的发布和网络广播，以及计划的网络论坛和开放式出版物，旨在吸引整个地球科学家社区。苹果酒将通过产生更广泛的知识渊博的教师队列来影响本科教育。