Data Collection, Panama Flood of December, 2010

数据收集，2010 年 12 月巴拿马洪水

• 批准号: 1123498
• 负责人: Konstantine Georgakakos
• 金额: $ 1.02万
• 依托单位: Hydrologic Research Center
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-06-01 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1123498&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Data; Collection; Panama; Flood; December

In December, 2010, the flood of record occurred in the Panama Canal Watershed. The investigators have been working in Panama for approximately 10 years studying the hydrometeorology, hydrology, in-stream wood transport and fate and landslides, and assisting the Panama Canal Authority in setting up a real-time weather and flood forecast system. This extreme event, with a return period thought to be between 100 and 200 years, provides an excellent opportunity to create a database of hydrometeorological, hydrological, and geomorphic features associated with this flood, as well as carbon cycling by large woody debris in a tropical mountainous watershed during an extreme event. Our project consists of field collection campaign, atmospheric simulations, and database creation components. Field studies will document landslides, large woody debris accumulations, high water marks, and geomorphic changes within the 414 sq. km old-growth upper Rio Chagres watershed. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) atmospheric model will simulate the storms that caused the floods. Rain gage data provided by the Panama Canal Authority will be used in conjunction with the WRF model output to generated ground-truthed space-time rainfall series. Collaborations with the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) and Technological University of Panama will assist in assembling data from disparate sources not readily available. The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation is a collaborator, as they have an interest in understanding the performance of the Madden Dam, which they designed in the 1920's. During the flood of December, 2010, the Madden dam was pushed to the limits of its design, even though it was originally designed to pass a 10,000-year flood. We will explore whether land-use changes in the watershed are responsible for this change in flood frequency. The long-term historical dataset owing to the existence of the Panama Canal, in addition to the existing hydrological and hydrometorological network will make this one of the best documented extreme flood events in any tropical mountainous watershed to date. The short-term, intensive once-off field campaign will also complement project EAR-1045166 that started on May 1, 2011.

2010年12月，巴拿马运河流域发生创纪录的洪水。 调查人员在巴拿马工作了大约10年，研究水文气象、水文学、河流内木材运输以及命运和山体滑坡，并协助巴拿马运河管理局建立实时天气和洪水预报系统。 这次极端事件的重现期被认为在 100 到 200 年之间，为创建与这次洪水相关的水文气象、水文和地貌特征以及热带地区大型木质碎片的碳循环数据库提供了绝佳的机会。极端事件期间的山区分水岭。 我们的项目包括现场收集活动、大气模拟和数据库创建组件。 实地研究将记录 414 平方公里的里约查格雷斯上游流域内的山体滑坡、大型木质碎片堆积、高水位和地貌变化。 天气研究和预报（WRF）大气模型将模拟引发洪水的风暴。 巴拿马运河管理局提供的雨量计数据将与 WRF 模型输出结合使用，生成地面真实时空降雨序列。 与史密森热带研究所 (STRI) 和巴拿马理工大学的合作将有助于收集不易获得的不同来源的数据。 美国垦务局是合作者，因为他们有兴趣了解他们在 1920 年代设计的马登大坝的性能。 2010 年 12 月的洪水期间，马登大坝被推到了设计极限，尽管它最初的设计目的是抵御一万年一遇的洪水。 我们将探讨流域土地利用的变化是否是洪水频率变化的原因。 由于巴拿马运河的存在，加上现有的水文和水文气象网络，长期历史数据集将使此次事件成为迄今为止热带山区流域记录最齐全的极端洪水事件之一。 这项短期、密集的一次性现场活动还将补充 2011 年 5 月 1 日启动的 EAR-1045166 项目。