Collaborative Research: Deconstructing the temperature-size rule: an integration of mechanistic and selection analyses

合作研究：解构温度-尺寸规则：机械分析和选择分析的结合

• 批准号: 1120500
• 负责人: Joel Kingsolver
• 金额: $ 47.93万
• 依托单位: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-08-01 至 2017-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1120500&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Deconstructing; temperature; size

One of the most common patterns of phenotypic plasticity in biology is the Temperature-Size Rule: many insects, reptiles, amphibians and other organisms raised at higher environmental temperatures are smaller as adults. Is this pattern an adaptation?is smaller better at higher temperatures?or an inevitable consequence of the effects of temperature on physiology and development? Recent studies with two agricultural pests, Tobacco Hornworms and Imported Cabbageworms, show that both larval (caterpillar) nutrition and rapid evolution can reverse the Temperature-Size Rule, leading to larger adults at higher rearing temperatures. These exceptions to the rule provide a unique opportunity to understand the developmental mechanisms and selective causes of this widespread pattern of phenotypic plasticity. The proposed studies integrate laboratory and field experiments with mathematical models to explore how larval nutrition, oxygen limitation, hormonal regulation, and natural enemies (predators and parasitoids) interact to generate the Temperature-Size Rule and its exceptions. These studies will provide a new mechanistic and evolutionary understanding of how plant quality, climate and seasonal weather interact to determine body size and ecological success in Tobacco Hornworms and Imported Cabbageworms, two important agricultural pests in the US. Research and training opportunities for undergraduate and graduate students at UNC and Duke, and outreach via Public Television, the North Carolina Museum of Life and Science, and the San Francisco Exploratorium, are integral components of the project. In addition, a citizen science program for Imported Cabbageworms (i.e., Cabbage White Butterflies) will be developed that involves community gardeners and organic farmers in North Carolina and other states.

生物学中表型可塑性最常见的模式之一是温度尺寸的规则：许多昆虫，爬行动物，两栖动物和在较高环境温度下提高的生物体成年人较小。 这种模式适应吗？在较高的温度下较小？还是温度对生理和发育的影响不可避免的结果？ 最近对两种农业害虫，烟草和进口的白菜虫的研究表明，幼虫（毛毛虫）营养和快速进化都可以逆转温度尺寸的规则，从而导致较大的成年人处于较高的饲养温度下。 该规则的这些例外提供了一个独特的机会，可以理解这种广泛的表型可塑性模式的发展机制和选择性原因。 拟议的研究将实验室和现场实验与数学模型相结合，以探讨幼虫营养，氧气限制，荷尔蒙调节和自然敌人（捕食者和寄生虫）如何相互作用以产生温度尺寸的规则及其例外。 这些研究将对植物质量，气候和季节性天气相互作用，以确定烟草虫和进口的卷心菜虫的身体大小和生态成功，提供新的机械和进化理解，这是美国的两个重要的农业害虫。 UNC和Duke的本科和研究生的研究和培训机会，以及通过公共电视，北卡罗来纳州生活与科学博物馆以及旧金山Exploratorium的外展活动是该项目的组成部分。 此外，还将开发一项针对进口白菜虫的公民科学计划（即白菜白蝴蝶），涉及北卡罗来纳州和其他州的社区园丁和有机农民。