Collaborative Research: Chemical, Physical, and Radiative Properties of North Atlantic Free Tropospheric Aerosol after Long-range Transport

合作研究：北大西洋自由对流层气溶胶长程传输后的化学、物理和辐射特性

• 批准号: 1108818
• 负责人: Robert Rauber
• 金额: $ 14.64万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-01 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1108818&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Chemical; Physical; Radiative

This project will augment ongoing measurements of aerosols and co-pollutants at the Pico Mountain Atmospheric Observatory in the central North Atlantic, at 2.2 kilometers above sea level on Pico Island in the Azores archipelago. The Observatory resides well above the marine boundary layer and receives air characteristic of the lower free troposphere during most times. The site has been found to be highly valuable for studying continental outflow that has not been affected by the ocean and local emissions since leaving the continent up to three weeks earlier. Consequently, this site is an ideal location to investigate pollution transport events originating from human activities in North America, from fires in the boreal regions, and occasionally from Saharan dust intrusions. Previous measurements and simulations of dispersion and chemical transport have examined the impacts of outflow from North America on tropospheric ozone and its precursors over the North Atlantic Ocean. In this project, new measurements will be added to the parameters presently measured to address the radiative properties of aerosols and its co-pollutants. These data will allow study of the optical properties and composition of long-range transported aerosols. Radiative forcing of light-absorbing carbon and its co-pollutants in air masses undergoing long-range transport and monitored at the Pico Observatory will be determined by a combination of 3-dimensional chemistry-transport and chemistry-climate models and dispersion modeling.The results will contribute to understanding of aerosol chemical, physical and radiative properties with respect to long-range transport and aerosol aging. It will provide the first detailed multi-year chemical and optical measurements of North Atlantic free tropospheric aerosol. A climatology of the frequency and occurrence of long-range transported light absorbing aerosol at Pico Mountain will be developed. The observations, modeled chemical transport, and radiative forcing simulations will provide a foundation for further research on global light-absorbing aerosol properties and on its distribution, for improved remote sensing data interpretations. The project will bring together investigators from three U.S. universities and one Portuguese university. Two participants from the Teachers Education Division at Michigan Technological University will be involved. These student teachers will participate in the field research at Pico and develop new education plans for high school students. Further outreach will be possible with a new Pico Mountain research web page and a display in the Pico Mountain National Park visitor center.

该项目将加强北大西洋中部皮科山大气观测站对气溶胶和共污染物的持续测量，皮科山大气观测站位于亚速尔群岛皮科岛海拔 2.2 公里处。天文台位于海洋边界层上方，大部分时间接收低层自由对流层的空气特征。人们发现，该地点对于研究大陆流出量非常有价值，自从三周前离开大陆以来，大陆流出量并未受到海洋和当地排放的影响。因此，该地点是调查源自北美人类活动、北方地区火灾以及偶尔源自撒哈拉沙尘入侵的污染输送事件的理想地点。先前对扩散和化学物质传输的测量和模拟已经研究了北美流出对北大西洋对流层臭氧及其前体的影响。在该项目中，将在目前测量的参数中添加新的测量值，以解决气溶胶及其副污染物的辐射特性。这些数据将有助于研究远距离传输的气溶胶的光学特性和成分。皮科天文台监测的吸收光的碳及其副污染物在进行远距离传输的气团中的辐射强迫将通过三维化学传输和化学气候模型以及扩散模型的组合来确定。结果将有助于了解气溶胶在远距离传输和气溶胶老化方面的化学、物理和辐射特性。它将提供北大西洋自由对流层气溶胶的首次详细的多年化学和光学测量。将开发皮克山长距离传输光吸收气溶胶的频率和发生情况的气候学。观测、化学输运模型和辐射强迫模拟将为进一步研究全球吸光气溶胶特性及其分布、改进遥感数据解释奠定基础。该项目将汇集来自三所美国大学和一所葡萄牙大学的研究人员。来自密歇根理工大学教师教育部门的两名参与者将参与其中。这些实习教师将参与笔克的实地研究，并为高中生制定新的教育计划。通过新的皮克山研究网页和皮克山国家公园游客中心的展示，可以进一步推广。