Collaborative Research: Climate-mediated coupling of hydrology and biogeochemistry in arctic hillslopes

合作研究：气候介导的北极山坡水文学和生物地球化学耦合

• 批准号: 1107440
• 负责人: Sarah Godsey
• 金额: $ 24.61万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-08-15 至 2012-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1107440&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Climate; mediated; coupling

This research will evaluate how climate-induced changes in water and nutrient cycles on land are propagated to stream networks. Increased export of water and the nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus from river networks to the Arctic Ocean reflects shifts in patterns of water and nutrient movement in the arctic. Changing climate may contribute to such shifts by causing release of nutrients from thawing permafrost, altering precipitation patterns, increasing rates of biogeochemical reactions, or expanding storage capacity in thawed soils. These changes may have far-reaching effects because flowing water connects land to downstream aquatic ecosystems, but the flowpaths connecting terrestrial ecosystems to stream networks remain poorly understood. This research will focus on transport and reaction of water and solutes within water tracks, which are linear regions of surface and subsurface flow that connect hillslopes to streams and account for up to 35% of watershed area in arctic tundra. Specific objectives are to: 1) quantify sources of water and dissolved nutrients to water tracks, 2) identify effects of snow accumulation, thaw depth, and storm characteristics on storage and transport of water and solutes, and 3) estimate the effects of hydrology on rates of nutrient cycling in water tracks. The research will have significance for predicting responses of the arctic to continued climate change through links between hydrologic and nutrient cycles. Further, research will increase understanding of the role of hillslopes in connecting terrestrial ecosystems to stream networks, contributing to filling a research gap in hydrology and biogeochemistry. In addition, this project will train young scientists (grade school through post-graduate) in the skills and methods used to study responses of water and nutrient cycles to climate change. Arctic tundra is inaccessible to most students, yet one of the environments most susceptible to climate-induced changes. This project will include opportunities for undergraduate and graduate students to conduct research in the arctic, development of online instructional materials that bring cutting-edge topics and research methods to undergraduate courses in hydrology, and science lessons for K-6 students that incorporate real-time field data.

这项研究将评估气候引起的陆地水和养分循环变化如何传播到河流网络。从河流网络到北冰洋的水和养分氮磷输出的增加反映了北极水和养分运动模式的变化。气候变化可能会导致永久冻土融化释放养分、改变降水模式、增加生物地球化学反应速率或扩大解冻土壤的储存能力，从而导致这种变化。这些变化可能会产生深远的影响，因为流动的水将陆地与下游水生生态系统连接起来，但连接陆地生态系统与河流网络的流动路径仍然知之甚少。这项研究将重点关注水道内水和溶质的传输和反应，水道是连接山坡和溪流的地表和地下流动的线性区域，占北极苔原分水岭面积的 35%。具体目标是：1) 量化水源和水道溶解养分，2) 确定积雪、融雪深度和风暴特征对水和溶质储存和运输的影响，以及 3) 估计水文对水和溶质储存和运输的影响。水道中养分循环的速率。这项研究对于通过水文和营养循环之间的联系来预测北极对持续气候变化的反应具有重要意义。此外，研究将增进对山坡在连接陆地生态系统与河流网络方面的作用的了解，有助于填补水文学和生物地球化学的研究空白。此外，该项目还将培训年轻科学家（小学至研究生）用于研究水和营养循环对气候变化的响应的技能和方法。北极苔原对于大多数学生来说是无法到达的，但却是最容易受到气候引起的变化的环境之一。该项目将包括为本科生和研究生提供在北极进行研究的机会，开发在线教学材料，将前沿主题和研究方法引入本科生水文学课程，以及为 K-6 学生提供实时科学课程现场数据。