Quantum Transport in Strongly Interacting Fermi Gases

强相互作用费米气体中的量子输运

基本信息

批准号：
1067873
负责人：
John Thomas
金额：
$ 53.58万
依托单位：
North Carolina State University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2011-08-15 至 2015-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1067873&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Quantum Transport Strongly Interacting Fermi

项目摘要

This program experimentally studies an optically-trapped, strongly interacting Fermi gas of Li(6) atoms as a model of universal quantum transport. This system offers unprecedented opportunities to test theoretical techniques that cross interdisciplinary boundaries, from condensed matter to nuclear matter. Measurements in ultracold Fermi gases now unite the coldest matter in the universe to the hottest matter, a quark-gluon plasma produced in gold ion collisions, which is comparable to the state of matter that existed microseconds after the Big Bang. Remarkably, both systems are found to be nearly 'perfect' fluids, in the context of a recent conjecture derived using string theory methods, with a similar ratio of viscosity to entropy density, despite a difference in temperature of 19 orders of magnitude and a difference in density of 25 orders of magnitude. The proposed tabletop experiments impact theories of strong interactions in intellectual disciplines well outside atomic physics, including materials science and condensed matter physics (superconductivity), nuclear physics (nuclear matter, quark-gluon plasma), high-energy physics (effective theories of strong interactions), and astrophysics (compact stellar objects). The proposed research may have practical impact in helping to determine whether it is possible to create super-high temperature nearly perfect conductors based on normal fluids, which would operate far above room temperature--materials that would enable energy-saving power lines and magnetically levitated trains. For this reason, the proposed program fits very well into national initiatives on energy and materials science.

该程序实验研究了Li（6）原子的光学捕获，强烈相互作用的费米气体作为通用量子传输的模型。该系统提供了前所未有的机会来测试从凝结物质到核物质的跨学科边界的理论技术。现在，超速费米气体的测量结果将宇宙中最冷的物质结合到了最热的物质，这是一种在金离子碰撞中产生的夸克 - 胶状等离子体，这与大爆炸后微秒存在的物质状态相媲美。值得注意的是，在使用字符串理论方法得出的近期猜想的背景下，发现两个系统几乎都是“完美”的流体，尽管温度的温度为19个数量级和差异，但粘度与熵密度的比例相似密度为25个数量级。提出的桌面实验会影响智力学科中强烈相互作用的理论，包括材料科学和凝结物理物理学（超导性），核物理学（核物质，Quark-Gluon等离子体），高能物理学（有效的强相互作用的理论））和天体物理学（紧凑的恒星对象）。拟议的研究可能会产生实际的影响，以帮助确定是否可以根据正常流体来创建超高温度几乎完美的导体，这将远远高于室温 - 物质可以使能节能电力线和磁性悬浮火车。因此，拟议的计划非常适合国家能源和材料科学计划。