The Archaeology of Rural Rome

罗马乡村考古

• 批准号: 1063447
• 负责人: Kimberly Bowes
• 金额: $ 19.1万
• 依托单位: University of Pennsylvania
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-01 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1063447&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Archaeology; Rural; Rome

The study of the Roman world remains largely focused on the wealthy - the lettered elite like Cicero who penned the majority of textual sources, and the wealthy whose largesse built ancient cities like Rome and Pompeii. Yet 90% of the Roman population were poor, rural peasants, about whose life habits, economies and diet virtually nothing is known. Support from the National Science Foundation will enable continuation of "The Roman Peasant: Environment and Economies" project, the first systematic attempt to excavate and analyze the houses and farms of the Roman peasantry. Directed by Dr. Kim Bowes of the University of Pennsylvania in collaboration with Italian, Dutch, Canadian and Spanish scholars, the project is based in ancient Etruria (western Tuscany, Italy), the region upon which most of the textual models for Roman rural life have been centered. Over a period of three years, the Project will excavate 4-6 examples of Roman peasant farms and habitations. By analyzing their houses, their access to local and imported goods, the organic remains of their meals, mapping local soils and resources, and juxtaposing that data with historical sources (poetry, legal texts and agricultural manuals), the Project aims to reveal the lived experience of this largest, most invisible, group of ancient Romans.Dr. Bowes and her team hope to show that contrary to most assumptions, the "Roman peasantry" was neither a homogenous group, nor only engaged in subsistence-level economies. Drawing on new ethnographic studies and work on the modern poor, the Project is beginning to show that Roman peasants of all wealth levels relied both on local resources as well as global economic networks, and were highly mobile, exploiting a wide range of environmental resources. The project will thus address a major gap in both classical archaeology and Roman history. In doing so, it will also contribute to our understanding of modern peasantries and the rural poor, revealing how one of the world's great state systems and global trade networks impacted the lowliest rural dwellers. In exploring the various kinds of power available to rural dwellers - through horizontal, reciprocal relationships and through exploiting their environment - it aims to provide lessons for modern populations. The project will also have major "human" outputs, training new generations of American undergraduates and graduates with special emphasis on scientific methods - faunal analysis, geoarchaeology, pollen analysis - that don?t often form part of American archaeological training. The Project also sponsors an educational initiative in local primary schools, giving lectures and sponsoring basic "excavations," designed to inspire rural schoolchildren about their own heritage.

对罗马世界的研究仍然主要集中在富人身上 - 像西塞罗一样，写下了大多数文字资料的信徒，而富人则建造了古老的城市，例如罗马和庞贝。 然而，有90％的罗马人口是贫穷的农村农民，几乎什么都不知道。国家科学基金会的支持将继续延续“罗马农民：环境与经济”项目，这是第一次进行挖掘和分析罗马农民的房屋和农场的系统尝试。该项目由宾夕法尼亚大学的金·鲍斯（Kim Bowes）博士与意大利语，荷兰，加拿大和西班牙学者合作，该项目总部位于古代伊特鲁里亚（西部托斯卡纳，意大利），该地区大多数罗马乡村生活的文本模型已经集中了。在三年的时间里，该项目将挖掘4-6个罗马农民农场和居住的例子。通过分析他们的房屋，使用本地和进口商品，餐点的有机遗迹，绘制当地土壤和资源的绘制以及将数据与历史资料（诗歌，法律文本和农业手册）并排，该项目旨在揭示生活这是古罗马人的最大，最无形的群体的经验。鲍斯（Bowes）和她的团队希望表现出与大多数假设相反的表现，“罗马农民”既不是同质的群体，也不只是从事生存水平的经济体。该项目借鉴了新的人种学研究和现代穷人的工作，开始表明，所有财富水平的罗马农民既依赖当地资源和全球经济网络，并且非常流动，从而利用了广泛的环境资源。因此，该项目将解决古典考古和罗马历史上的主要差距。这样一来，这也将有助于我们对现代农民和农村穷人的理解，揭示了世界上一个伟大的国家系统和全球贸易网络之一如何影响最低的农村居民。在探索农村居民可获得的各种权力时，通过水平，相互的关系并通过利用环境，旨在为现代人口提供教训。该项目还将具有主要的“人类”成果，培训新一代的美国本科生和毕业生，并特别着重于科学方法 - 动物分析，地理学，花粉分析 - 通常不构成美国考古培训的一部分。该项目还赞助了当地小学的一项教育计划，提供了讲座和赞助基本的“发掘”，旨在激发农村学童关于自己的遗产。