SCIART: Science and Preservation of the Daguerreotype

SCIART：银版照片的科学与保存

• 批准号: 1041811
• 负责人: Nicholas Bigelow
• 金额: $ 42万
• 依托单位: University of Rochester
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-15 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1041811&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SCIART; Science; Preservation; Daguerreotype

TECHNICAL SUMMARY: This project will use the latest material and physical sciences tools, techniques, experience and methodology to understand the degradation modes of the daguerreotype in order to help preserve the Nation's collections of the first photographic images. The most comprehensive scientific studies of the daguerreotype were done approximately 30 years ago. In the ensuing years improved monitoring techniques have revealed that there is alarming deterioration occurring with daguerreotypes, and that our current body of knowledge does not provide solutions. The purpose of this project is to address this need. Specific goals are: (1) To develop and deploy new analytic tools and techniques, so as to understand the science of the daguerreotype and specifically its degradation pathways; (2) To use state-of-the art instruments to investigate the image formation mechanisms, the micro and nano structure of the component materials with an emphasis on the degradation markers, byproducts and dynamics; (3) To translate fundamental understanding to preservation protocols, exploiting modalities that will contribute to our understanding of basic material science, to the techniques and technology of preservation of a family of irreplaceable national heritage objects; (4) To contribute new understanding of the techniques of the original artists; (5) To develop multi-target preservation treatments and protocols for daguerreotype preservation taking into account the complex interactions with the environment found both in storage vaults and in modern display environments; (6) To contribute to the understanding of how it was possible that color images were reported by some early daguerreotypists; (7) To leverage the unique historical records and collections of daguerreotype fabrication artifacts held within the vast collections of daguerreotypes and associated technology at the George Eastman House to unravel the mysterious differences observed among the products of different 19th century daguerreotypists. (8) To train the next generation of scientists capable of addressing fundamental problems that impact preservation science. NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY: Among art and cultural heritage objects requiring advanced scientific preservation research, one category stands apart: the phenomenon of "photography." The first photographic images the world saw were those arising from the discovery of Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre in 1839 - the daguerreotype or "mirror with a memory." Quickly appreciated and commercialized, the daguerreotype thrived for only a comparatively short period, being replaced by paper and "film" based photography. During its popularity, daguerreotypes were not only used to record images of people, but to create historical records of national borders, city-scapes, and buildings. Daguerreotypes were taken by explorers to document their travels and findings. Thus daguerreotypes represent an irreplaceable record of our history that is exceptionally vulnerable to degradation and loss. As an object of scientific interest, the daguerreotype stands out because the underlying processes that create the image derives from nano-science and thus its study demands interdisciplinary, state-of-the-art tools and techniques. The overarching goal of this project is to apply 21st nanoscience and material chemistry techniques to understanding and preserving the 19th century's serendipitous "nanotechnology". A new generation of daguerreotype research is called for so museums, conservators, and conservation scientists can prevent the documented rapid deterioration exhibited by many if not all daguerreotypes. In the long term, this project will develop restorative treatments that are scientifically based. The team will address this need by understanding the degradation mechanisms and developing controllable and quantifiable conservation methods that satisfy the highest ethical standards. In addition to contributing to scientific understanding and the preservation mandate, this project will train the next generation of SCIARTisans - exceptional scientists and engineers from diverse backgrounds who will also be experts in the impact and ethics of preservation of our cultural heritage objects.

技术摘要：该项目将使用最新的材料和物理科学工具、技术、经验和方法来了解银版照片的退化模式，以帮助保存国家收藏的第一批摄影图像。大约 30 年前进行的研究在随后的几年中改进的监测技术表明，银版照片出现了令人震惊的恶化，而我们目前的知识体系确实如此。该项目的目的是满足这一需求：(1) 开发和部署新的分析工具和技术，以了解银版照片的科学原理，特别是其降解途径； (3) 将基本理解转化为保存协议，利用有助于我们理解的方式基础材料科学，以保护一系列不可替代的国家遗产的技术和技术；（4）贡献对原始艺术家技术的新理解；（5）开发银版法保存的多目标保存处理方法和方案；考虑到在存储库和现代显示环境中与环境的复杂相互作用；（6）有助于理解一些早期银版打字员如何报告彩色图像；历史记录和乔治伊士曼之家收藏的大量银版照相技术和相关技术中的银版照相制作文物藏品，旨在揭开 19 世纪不同银版照相师产品之间观察到的神秘差异 (8) 培养能够解决基本问题的下一代科学家。非技术性总结：在需要先进科学保护研究的艺术和文化遗产中，有一类很突出：“摄影”现象。世界上看到的第一批摄影图像是路易斯-雅克-曼德·达盖尔 (Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre) 在 1839 年发现的那些照片——银版照片，即“有记忆的镜子”。在其流行期间，银版照片不仅用于记录人物图像，还用于创建国界的历史记录，银版照片是探险家用来记录他们的旅行和发现的，因此银版照片代表了我们历史的不可替代的记录，它极易退化和丢失。创建图像的基本过程源自纳米科学，因此其研究需要跨学科的、最先进的工具和技术。该项目的总体目标是应用。 21 世纪的纳米科学和材料化学技术有助于理解和保存 19 世纪偶然出现的“纳米技术”，因此博物馆、保护者和保护科学家可以防止许多（如果不是全部）银版照片所表现出的快速恶化。从长远来看，该项目将开发有科学依据的恢复性治疗方法，该团队将通过了解降解机制并开发可控的方法来满足这一需求。满足最高道德标准的可量化保护方法 除了促进科学理解和保护任务之外，该项目还将培训下一代 SCIARTisans——来自不同背景的杰出科学家和工程师，他们也将成为研究影响和道德的专家。保护我们的文化遗产。