RAPID: RUI: Constraints on Fragmentation and Lava-Ice Contact From Ongoing 2010 Eyjafjallajokull Eruption, Southcentral Iceland

RAPID：RUI：2010 年冰岛中南部埃亚菲亚德拉冰川持续喷发对破碎和熔岩-冰接触的限制

• 批准号: 1039461
• 负责人: Benjamin Edwards
• 金额: $ 5.37万
• 依托单位: Dickinson College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-06-15 至 2012-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1039461&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; RUI; Constraints; Fragmentation; Lava

This RAPID was co-sponsored by the Petrology & Geochemistry program of the Division of Earth Sciences (GEO) and the Europe and Eurasian Program in the Office of International Science and Engineering (OISE).Starting 20 March and continuing to the present, Eyjafjallajökull central volcano has experienced two different types of eruptions: initial strombolian and hawaiian eruptions of alkaline basalt from the northeastern flank (Fimmvörthuháls), producing lava-snow interactions, and starting 14 April, after a short temporal hiatus, the eruption was renewed beneath the summit caldera of the volcano (Eyjafjallajökull summit). The summit eruption has been much more explosive, and preliminary analyses show that the magma is more silicic in composition. This RAPID is to investigate several important aspects of the eruption during the next twelve months that will results in better knowledge and methodologies for interpreting ancient glaciovolcanic deposits, and also better prepare society for future glaciovolcanic eruptions from Iceland or from western North America.This is the first documented glaciovolcanic eruption of trachyandesite and alkaline basalt in at least the past two hundred years, and represents a unique opportunity to improve our knowledge of glaciovolcanic eruption processes, which have become critical paleo-climate proxies for linking Pleistocene oceanic and continental climate signals. It is proposed to investigate several important aspects of the eruption during the next twelve months, including (1) textures of lavas now interaction at Fimmvörthuháls, (2) changes in fragmentation processes as documented in stratigraphically constrained samples of ash at proximal and distal locations from the volcano, and (3) changes in magma chemistry during the course of the eruption. In order to obtain the best samples for this work, it is critical to investigate high elevation lava-snow contacts and collect ash samples before deposits are either hydrothermally altered/palagonitized near the vent; reworked by secondary slope transport that will destroy stratigraphic/temporal information; eroded by seasonal rain; or covered by snow/ice during winter 2010-2011. The proposed research will enable the PI and one Dickinson College undergraduate to partner and collaborate with several Icelandic scientists (e.g., Steinunn Hauksdöttir, Birgir Oskarsson) in the pursuit of the research goals.

该 RAPID 由地球科学部 (GEO) 的岩石学和地球化学项目以及国际科学与工程办公室 (OISE) 的欧洲和欧亚项目共同主办。从 3 月 20 日开始一直持续至今，埃亚菲亚德拉冰川中心火山经历了两种不同类型的喷发：最初的斯特龙博式喷发和来自东北侧的夏威夷碱性玄武岩喷发(Fimmvörthuháls)，产生熔岩与雪的相互作用，从 4 月 14 日开始，在短暂的间歇后，火山顶火山口（埃亚菲亚德拉冰川顶）下方再次喷发，初步分析显示，顶峰喷发的爆炸性更大。该 RAPID 旨在调查未来 12 个月内火山喷发的几个重要方面，从而获得更好的知识。以及解释古代冰川火山沉积物的方法，并更好地为社会做好未来冰岛或北美西部冰川火山喷发的准备。这是至少在过去 200 年来首次记录的粗面安岩和碱性玄武岩冰川火山喷发，代表了一种独特的冰川火山喷发。提高我们对冰川火山喷发过程的了解的机会，冰川火山喷发过程已成为连接更新世的关键古气候指标提出了未来 12 个月内火山喷发的几个重要方面，包括 (1) 目前在 Fimmvörthuháls 相互作用的熔岩纹理，(2) 火山灰地层限制样本中记录的破碎过程的变化。距火山的近端和远端位置，以及 (3) 喷发过程中岩浆化学的变化 为了获得这项工作的最佳样本，调查高海拔至关重要。在火山口附近的沉积物发生热液蚀变/古拉古岩化之前，熔岩-雪接触并收集火山灰样本；通过二次斜坡迁移进行改造，这将破坏地层/时间信息；或在 2010-2011 年冬季被雪/冰覆盖。拟议的研究将使 PI 和一名狄金森学院本科生能够与几位冰岛科学家（例如 Steinunn Hauksdöttir、 Birgir Oskarsson）追求研究目标。