Oil spill transport modeling in shelf, estuary, and intracoastal regions

陆架、河口和沿海地区的溢油输送模型

• 批准号: 1045151
• 负责人: Ethan Kubatko
• 金额: $ 13.77万
• 依托单位: Ohio State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-01 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1045151&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Oil; spill; transport; modeling; shelf

The main goal of this research is to further develop, apply, and analyze a computational tool that can be used to examine the transport tendencies along the U.S. East Coast including Florida, Georgia, and both Carolinas as they relate to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The central piece of this computational tool will be the Advanced Circulation (ADCIRC) hydrodynamic model. ADCIRC is a finite element model for solving time?dependent, free surface circulation and transport problems in two? and three?dimensions. Existing finite element meshes of the region will be further developed to provide an unprecedented level of resolution and physical detail, including detailed coverage of coastal rivers and lagoons, tidal creeks, the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway, and tidally flooded marshes. The ability to accurately simulate the tidal dynamics of this region, as well as hurricane storm surge, will be coupled with recent and ongoing development of the transport capabilities of the ADCIRC model using discontinuous Galerkin methods. The integration and further development of these three key components, i.e., the high-resolution finite element meshes, the ability to accurately simulate tidal and storm surge dynamics, and robust, mass-conserving transport algorithms, will provide a powerful computational tool that will be used to simulate the transport tendencies of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill along the U.S. East Coast.The Deepwater Horizon oil spill began on April 20, 2010 as a result of an oil well blowout that caused an explosion on the Deepwater Horizon offshore drilling platform located forty miles southeast off the Louisiana coast. A major and immediate concern related to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill is the possibility of the oil slick reaching the Loop Current ? a warm ocean current that enters the Gulf of Mexico flowing northward through the Yucatan Strait and that exits flowing east through the Florida Straits continuing northward along the east coast of Florida as the Gulf Stream. Oil entering the Loop Current would eventually be transported far afield to the Atlantic Ocean where the presence of large-scale eddies that separate from the western edge of the Gulf Stream have the potential to carry oil toward the U.S. East Coast. There is additional concern regarding the transport of oil that may occur during the upcoming Atlantic Hurricane Season, which has been forecasted by NOAA to be an ?active to extremely active? hurricane season. The transport of oil towards the U.S. East Coast ? by means of reaching the Loop Current or from the onset of a hurricane ? would obviously have a major detrimental impact on the coastal environment, severely damaging their beaches and coastal wetlands, which serve as critical habitats to the fish and wildlife. The primary objective of this proposal is to provide a computational tool that will be used to help analyze and assess possible damage from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill along the U.S. East Coast including Florida, Georgia, and both Carolinas.Specifically, the fate and transport of oil spill remnants (e.g., tarballs) entrained in Gulf Stream eddies and feeding the U.S. East Coast will be modeled along the shelf and into the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway and estuarine systems. Using available data sources, simulations will be performed to ultimately identify areas especially susceptible to receiving transported oil and likely areas of deposition. The model and results will also be transferable to other regions of the Gulf of Mexico.

这项研究的主要目标是进一步开发、应用和分析一种计算工具，该工具可用于检查美国东海岸（包括佛罗里达州、佐治亚州和两个卡罗来纳州）与深水地平线漏油事件相关的运输趋势。该计算工具的核心部分将是高级循环（ADCIRC）流体动力学模型。 ADCIRC 是一个有限元模型，用于解决两个与时间相关的自由表面环流和传输问题。和三维空间。该地区现有的有限元网格将得到进一步开发，以提供前所未有的分辨率和物理细节，包括沿海河流和泻湖、潮汐小溪、大西洋内陆水道和潮汐淹没沼泽的详细覆盖。准确模拟该地区潮汐动力学以及飓风风暴潮的能力将与 ADCIRC 模型使用不连续伽辽金方法的传输能力的最新和持续发展相结合。这三个关键组件（即高分辨率有限元网格、精确模拟潮汐和风暴潮动力学的能力以及强大的质量守恒传输算法）的集成和进一步开发将提供强大的计算工具，用于模拟美国东海岸深水地平线漏油的输送趋势。深水地平线漏油始于2010年4月20日，起因是油井井喷导致深水地平线近海爆炸钻井平台位于路易斯安那州海岸东南四十英里处。与深水地平线漏油事件相关的一个主要且紧迫的问题是浮油是否有可能到达环流？一股温暖的洋流，进入墨西哥湾，向北流过尤卡坦海峡，向东流经佛罗里达海峡，继续沿着佛罗里达州东海岸向北流动，称为墨西哥湾流。进入环流的石油最终将被输送到遥远的大西洋，那里与墨西哥湾流西缘分离的大规模涡流有可能将石油输送到美国东海岸。人们还对即将到来的大西洋飓风季节可能发生的石油运输感到担忧，美国国家海洋和大气管理局 (NOAA) 预测该飓风季节将是“活跃到极其活跃”的飓风季节。飓风季节。向美国东海岸运输石油？通过达到环流还是从飓风开始？显然会对沿海环境产生重大不利影响，严重破坏作为鱼类和野生动物重要栖息地的海滩和沿海湿地。该提案的主要目标是提供一种计算工具，用于帮助分析和评估美国东海岸深水地平线漏油事件可能造成的损害，包括佛罗里达州、佐治亚州和卡罗来纳州。具体来说，墨西哥湾流涡流中夹带并流入美国东海岸的漏油残留物（例如焦油团）将沿着大陆架并进入大西洋内水道和河口系统进行建模。使用可用的数据源，将进行模拟，以最终确定特别容易接收运输石油的区域和可能的沉积区域。 该模型和结果也将转移到墨西哥湾的其他地区。