OCEAN ACIDIFICATION - Category 1: COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Acclimation and adaptation to ocean acidification of key ecosystem components in the California Current System

海洋酸化 - 第 1 类：合作研究：加州洋流系统关键生态系统组成部分对海洋酸化的适应和适应

• 批准号: 1041240
• 负责人: Bruce Menge
• 金额: $ 40.87万
• 依托单位: Oregon State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-10-01 至 2014-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1041240&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: OCEAN; ACIDIFICATION; Category; COLLABORATIVE; RESEARCH

Intellectual Merit. This project will investigate the impacts of ocean acidification (O-A) on two ecologically important, calcification-dependent marine invertebrates in relation to local-to-coastal variation in carbonate chemistry (e.g., pH and aragonite saturation) in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME). An interdisciplinary team of investigators with expertise in physical and chemical oceanography, marine ecology, biochemistry, molecular physiology, and molecular genetics will carry out an integrated, lab and field, multi-site investigation of the ecological, physiological, and evolutionary responses of sea urchins and mussels to spatial and temporal variation in O-A. The research will take place in the context of a mosaic of variable oceanography, including recently documented latitudinal variation in carbonate chemistry along the upwelling-dominated US west coast. Variation in upwelling regimes from Washington to southern California generates spatial and temporal gradients in concentration of CO2 that shoal to surface waters during upwelling events, extending shoreward into the inner shelf region. Through well-known chemical pathways, influxes of CO2 cause present-day declines in pH in coastal ecosystems that are lower than values forecast for the ocean in general in the year 2200. Lower than "normal" pH can influence organisms by altering intracellular biochemistry, and especially, for calcification-dependent marine organisms, interfere with formation of hard parts as the aragonite saturation state falls near or below 1.0. Because calcifiers in the upwelling-dominated CCLME have historically experienced persistent regional variation in pH, populations are likely differentially acclimatized and/or adapted to a variable carbonate chemistry environment. The new challenge to these organisms is that with global change and the resulting increase in seawater CO2, they already may be close to their acclimatization or adaptational capacity, and thus may have limited ability to respond to additional increases in CO2. It is this challenge, the mechanistic ability of calcifying invertebrates to acclimate or adapt to increasing CO2 and aragonite saturation states 1.0 that we address here. Preliminary results from NSF-funded, local-scale studies of sea urchin and oyster larvae (by PIs included in the present team) has made inroads into this question, but the response of these widely-ranging species to ocean acidification across the full range of conditions in the CCLME remains unclear. This project includes five integrated elements. (1) To document the oceanographic context in which the study organisms live, the team of PIs will build upon two local-scale NSF-funded networks of sensors (in Oregon and northern California) to quantify carbonate chemistry in four regions of the CCLME with contrasting upwelling regimes, and thus, likely a wide range of differences in carbonate chemistry. Based on NOAA surveys, OA should be most intense in northern California and Oregon, less intense in central California, and least intense in the Santa Barbara channel, east of Point Conception. (2) To examine physiological, genomic, and genetic mechanisms underlying acclimatization and adaptation to O-A conditions, the investigators will carry out coordinated and integrated studies of adults and larvae of sea urchins and mussels collected from each of two sites within each of the four regions. In common-garden experiments using NSF-funded laboratory mesocosms at UCSB and UCD-BML, the researchers will culture sea urchins and mussels under different CO2 and temperature regimes, and use genomics techniques

智力优点。 该项目将研究海洋酸化 (O-A) 对两种生态上重要的、依赖钙化的海洋无脊椎动物的影响，以及加州洋流大型海洋生态系统中碳酸盐化学（例如 pH 值和文石饱和度）的局部到沿海变化。 CCLME）。 由物理和化学海洋学、海洋生态学、生物化学、分子生理学和分子遗传学专业知识组成的跨学科研究小组将对海胆的生态、生理和进化反应进行综合的实验室和现场多地点调查和贻贝对 O-A 的空间和时间变化的影响。这项研究将在多种海洋学的背景下进行，包括最近记录的以上升流为主的美国西海岸碳酸盐化学的纬度变化。从华盛顿到南加州的上升流状况的变化产生了二氧化碳浓度的空间和时间梯度，这些二氧化碳在上升流事件期间浅滩到地表水，向岸延伸到内陆架区域。通过众所周知的化学途径，二氧化碳的流入导致目前沿海生态系统 pH 值下降，低于 2200 年海洋总体预测值。低于“正常”pH 值会通过改变细胞内生物化学来影响生物体，尤其是，对于依赖钙化的海洋生物，当文石饱和状态降至接近或低于 1.0 时，会干扰硬质部分的形成。由于以上升流为主的 CCLME 中的钙化物历来经历过 pH 值的持续区域变化，因此种群可能对不同的碳酸盐化学环境有不同的适应和/或适应。这些生物体面临的新挑战是，随着全球变化以及由此导致的海水二氧化碳增加，它们可能已经接近其适应能力或适应能力，因此应对二氧化碳额外增加的能力可能有限。 我们在此讨论的正是这一挑战，即钙化无脊椎动物适应或适应不断增加的二氧化碳和文石饱和状态 1.0 的机械能力。由国家科学基金会资助的海胆和牡蛎幼虫（由本团队中的 PI 进行）的局部规模研究的初步结果已经在这个问题上取得了进展，但这些广泛分布的物种对整个范围内的海洋酸化的反应CCLME 的情况仍不清楚。该项目包括五个综合要素。 (1) 为了记录研究生物体生活的海洋环境，PI 团队将利用两个由 NSF 资助的本地规模传感器网络（位于俄勒冈州和加利福尼亚州北部）来量化 CCLME 四个区域的碳酸盐化学对比上升流状况，因此碳酸盐化学可能存在很大差异。根据 NOAA 的调查，OA 在加利福尼亚北部和俄勒冈州应该最强烈，在加利福尼亚中部不太强烈，在 Point Conception 以东的圣巴巴拉海峡最弱。 (2) 为了检查适应和适应 O-A 条件的生理、基因组和遗传机制，研究人员将对从四个区域各两个地点收集的海胆和贻贝的成虫和幼虫进行协调和综合研究。在使用 UCSB 和 UCD-BML 的 NSF 资助的实验室中生态系统进行的普通花园实验中，研究人员将在不同的二氧化碳和温度条件下培养海胆和贻贝，并使用基因组学技术