Acquisition of a hydropyrolysis unit for pre-treatment of soils for isotopic analysis and black carbon quantification

购置水热解装置，用于土壤预处理，用于同位素分析和黑碳定量

• 批准号: 1028892
• 负责人: Johannes Lehmann
• 金额: $ 8.56万
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-11-15 至 2017-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1028892&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Acquisition; hydropyrolysis; unit; pre; treatment

We will quantify the black carbon contents at six sites of the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) network in an effort to understand the landscape-level distribution of black carbon in different environments reaching from Alaska to Florida. In addition, we will measure black carbon contents in a large number of samples collected by the United States Geological Survey in a 40-kilometer grid and generate a map of its distribution for several regions in the United States. This information will be fed into a data base for the National Soil Carbon Network (http://www.fluxdata.org/nscn/SitePages/Home.aspx) to develop a learning tool for assessing soil carbon changes. The data obtained by hydropyrolysis will be compared with those obtained by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and UV-oxidation procedures. We will develop a conversion tool to calculate black carbon contents using mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy that is the most rapid tool to quantify carbon forms in soil. During forest and savanna fires, large quantities of char may be produced and this so-called black carbon is found to be ubiquitous. Whether this material accumulates in soil or is exported by erosion, leaching or decomposition, is largely unknown. Black carbon itself is very recalcitrant and may also constitute a sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide. A better knowledge of the global distribution of black carbon will help answer several important questions about the global carbon cycles, about the relevance of black carbon in soil productivity and in which way soil organic matter will change with warming as a result of climate change or with cultivation as a result of land use changes. Several methods are available for measurement of soil black carbon content, but most of them only measure part of the continuum of chemical substances that make up black carbon. Hydropyrolysis offers the potential for an inexpensive and rapid analysis method with the same accuracy as the best currently available methodology, and would therefore make a large number of analyses possible. The ability to quantify isotopes through the separation procedure in hydropyrolysis affords the opportunity to quantify turnover times. The versatility of this analytical tool will aid in refining quantification and separation to accommodate different research objectives by recognizing that black carbon is a continuum of carbon forms.

我们将量化长期生态研究 (LTER) 网络六个站点的黑碳含量，以了解从阿拉斯加到佛罗里达的不同环境中黑碳的景观分布。此外，我们还将在40公里网格内测量美国地质调查局收集的大量样本中的黑碳含量，并生成其在美国多个地区的分布图。这些信息将被输入国家土壤碳网络（http://www.fluxdata.org/nscn/SitePages/Home.aspx）的数据库，以开发评估土壤碳变化的学习工具。通过加氢热解获得的数据将与通过核磁共振光谱和紫外氧化程序获得的数据进行比较。我们将开发一种转换工具，使用中红外（MIR）光谱计算黑碳含量，这是量化土壤中碳形态的最快速工具。在森林和稀树草原火灾期间，可能会产生大量的炭，这种所谓的黑碳被发现无处不在。这种物质是否会在土壤中积累，或者通过侵蚀、淋滤或分解而输出，目前尚不清楚。黑碳本身非常顽固，也可能构成大气二氧化碳的汇。更好地了解黑碳的全球分布将有助于回答有关全球碳循环的几个重要问题、黑碳与土壤生产力的相关性以及土壤有机质将如何随着气候变化或气候变暖而发生变化。土地利用变化导致的耕作。有多种方法可用于测量土壤黑碳含量，但大多数方法仅测量构成黑碳的化学物质连续体的一部分。氢热解提供了一种廉价且快速的分析方法的潜力，其精度与目前最好的方法相同，因此使大量分析成为可能。通过加氢热解中的分离程序量化同位素的能力提供了量化周转时间的机会。通过认识到黑碳是碳形式的连续体，这种分析工具的多功能性将有助于完善定量和分离，以适应不同的研究目标。