Collaborative Research: DYNAmics of the Madden Julian Oscillation/DYNAMO Mooring

合作研究：Madden Julian Oscillation/DYNAMO Mooring 的动力学

• 批准号: 1029265
• 负责人: James Moum
• 金额: $ 74.58万
• 依托单位: Oregon State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-11-15 至 2016-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1029265&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; DYNAmics; Madden; Julian

Current prediction skill for the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is limited, and particularly poor for the initiation phase over the Indian Ocean. The inability of state-of-the-art global models to reproduce the MJO degrades their seasonal to inter-annual prediction and lessens confidence in their ability to project future climate. The overarching goal of DYNAMO is to expedite our understanding of processes key to MJO initiation over the Indian Ocean and to help improve simulation and prediction of the MJO.The DYNAMO field campaign is proposed as the US component of CINDY2011 (Cooperative Indian Ocean Experiment on Intraseasonal Variability in 2011), an international field program planned for October 2011 - March 2012 in the equatorial central Indian Ocean region. Four countries (Australia, India, Japan, and the US) will participate. This field program is designed to observe the structure and evolution of cloud populations, their interaction with the large-scale environment, and air-sea interaction processes during MJO initiation. An array of three upper-ocean / surface-flux moorings (DYNAMO moorings) will be used to study oceanic processes in the surface mixed layer and the stratified thermocline in the equatorial Indian Ocean and their effects on the initiation and evolution of MJO. The scientific goals are to quantify and understand the dynamics of the preconditioning, evolution, and recovery of the upper ocean as it interacts with MJO events and, thereby, to provide accurate physics to parameterization schemes in numerical models of the MJO. Key upper oceanic processes crucial to the coupling with the MJO include: (1) turbulence heat flux at the base of the surface mixed layer, (2) barrier layer, (3) Wyrtki jet, (4) shallow Seychelles-Chagos Thermocline Ridge, and (5) diurnal variation of surface forcing, mixed layer processes, and turbulence flux. Testable hypotheses for effects of these oceanic processes are identified and will be tackled using 3.5-month continuous observations of the upper ocean processes and turbulence flux across the equatorial Indian Ocean. The mooring array will be deployed in the center of a radar sounding array consisting of two ships and two island stations, representing the core observational components of the DYNAMO/CINDY2011 program. Each mooring will be equipped with meteorological sensors, arrays of CTD sensors, moored microstructure sensors (pods), and ADCPs. Additional arrays of pods will be deployed on three nearby RAMA moorings. Combined with measurements from other atmospheric and oceanic components of DYNAMO, we will develop a detailed reconstruction of the response (recovery) of the surface mixed layer, barrier layer, shallow Seychelles-Chagos thermocline ridge, Wyrtki jet, and equatorial turbulent flux to (from) the MJO. Intellectual Merit: DYNAMO moorings will provide observations of the ocean barrier layer, upper-ocean mixing and entrainment, air-sea interaction, and overall surface mixed layer processes in the Indian Ocean which are key to the MJO initiation. These observations will be available to modelers, theoreticians, and other observational groups to better understand and predict the tropical climate system. The observations will provide physical insight into the interaction of oceanic processes with the MJO and lead to physics-based parameterizations that will improve MJO prediction skill.Broader impact: The project will introduce young scientists to complex multi-scale and air-sea interaction problems in the tropical climate system. DYNAMO observations will be used to calibrate and validate satellite retrievals, benefiting their application to much broader areas beyond MJO-related problems. Improved MJO simulation and prediction born from DYNAMO activities will enhance the capacity to deliver prediction and assessment products on intra-seasonal timescales for societal risk management and decision making, and to strengthen confidence in climate simulation and projection.

目前对马登-朱利安涛动 (MJO) 的预测能力有限，尤其是对印度洋上空的起始阶段的预测能力较差。 最先进的全球模型无法重现 MJO，这降低了其季节性到年际预测的能力，并降低了人们对其预测未来气候能力的信心。 DYNAMO 的总体目标是加快我们对印度洋 MJO 启动关键过程的理解，并帮助改进 MJO 的模拟和预测。DYNAMO 现场活动被提议作为 CINDY2011（印度洋季内合作实验）的美国组成部分。 2011 年变率），一项国际实地计划，计划于 2011 年 10 月至 2012 年 3 月在赤道中部印度洋地区进行。四个国家（澳大利亚、印度、日本和美国）将参加。该实地项目旨在观察云群的结构和演化、它们与大尺度环境的相互作用以及 MJO 启动过程中的海气相互作用过程。 三个上层海洋/表面通量系泊装置（DYNAMO系泊装置）的阵列将用于研究赤道印度洋表面混合层和分层温跃层的海洋过程及其对MJO启动和演化的影响。 科学目标是量化和理解上层海洋在与 MJO 事件相互作用时的预处理、演化和恢复的动态，从而为 MJO 数值模型中的参数化方案提供准确的物理学。对与 MJO 耦合至关重要的关键上层海洋过程包括：(1) 表面混合层底部的湍流热通量，(2) 屏障层，(3) Wyrtki 急流，(4) 浅层塞舌尔-查戈斯温跃层脊， (5) 表面强迫、混合层过程和湍流通量的日变化。通过对上层海洋过程和赤道印度洋湍流的 3.5 个月连续观测，确定并解决这些海洋过程影响的可检验假设。系泊阵列将部署在由两艘船和两个岛站组成的雷达探测阵列的中心，代表DYNAMO/CINDY2011计划的核心观测组成部分。每个系泊点都将配备气象传感器、CTD 传感器阵列、系泊微结构传感器（吊舱）和 ADCP。额外的吊舱阵列将部署在附近的三个 RAMA 系泊处。结合 DYNAMO 的其他大气和海洋部分的测量，我们将开发地表混合层、屏障层、浅塞舌尔-查戈斯温跃层脊、Wyrtki 急流和赤道湍流的响应（恢复）的详细重建，以（从）MJO。智力优点：DYNAMO 系泊装置将提供对海洋屏障层、上层海洋混合和夹带、海气相互作用以及印度洋整体表面混合层过程的观测，这些都是 MJO 启动的关键。这些观测结果将提供给建模者、理论家和其他观测小组，以更好地了解和预测热带气候系统。这些观测将为海洋过程与 MJO 的相互作用提供物理洞察，并导致基于物理的参数化，从而提高 MJO 的预测技能。 更广泛的影响：该项目将向年轻科学家介绍复杂的多尺度和海气相互作用问题。热带气候系统。 DYNAMO 观测结果将用于校准和验证卫星反演，有利于其应用于 MJO 相关问题以外的更广泛领域。 DYNAMO 活动带来的改进的 MJO 模拟和预测将增强在季节内时间尺度上提供预测和评估产品的能力，用于社会风险管理和决策，并增强对气候模拟和预测的信心。