Collaborative Research: DYNAmics of the Madden Julian Oscillation/DYNAMO Mooring

合作研究：Madden Julian Oscillation/DYNAMO Mooring 的动力学

• 批准号: 1029265
• 负责人: James Moum
• 金额: $ 74.58万
• 依托单位: Oregon State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-11-15 至 2016-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1029265&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; DYNAmics; Madden; Julian

Current prediction skill for the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is limited, and particularly poor for the initiation phase over the Indian Ocean. The inability of state-of-the-art global models to reproduce the MJO degrades their seasonal to inter-annual prediction and lessens confidence in their ability to project future climate. The overarching goal of DYNAMO is to expedite our understanding of processes key to MJO initiation over the Indian Ocean and to help improve simulation and prediction of the MJO.The DYNAMO field campaign is proposed as the US component of CINDY2011 (Cooperative Indian Ocean Experiment on Intraseasonal Variability in 2011), an international field program planned for October 2011 - March 2012 in the equatorial central Indian Ocean region. Four countries (Australia, India, Japan, and the US) will participate. This field program is designed to observe the structure and evolution of cloud populations, their interaction with the large-scale environment, and air-sea interaction processes during MJO initiation. An array of three upper-ocean / surface-flux moorings (DYNAMO moorings) will be used to study oceanic processes in the surface mixed layer and the stratified thermocline in the equatorial Indian Ocean and their effects on the initiation and evolution of MJO. The scientific goals are to quantify and understand the dynamics of the preconditioning, evolution, and recovery of the upper ocean as it interacts with MJO events and, thereby, to provide accurate physics to parameterization schemes in numerical models of the MJO. Key upper oceanic processes crucial to the coupling with the MJO include: (1) turbulence heat flux at the base of the surface mixed layer, (2) barrier layer, (3) Wyrtki jet, (4) shallow Seychelles-Chagos Thermocline Ridge, and (5) diurnal variation of surface forcing, mixed layer processes, and turbulence flux. Testable hypotheses for effects of these oceanic processes are identified and will be tackled using 3.5-month continuous observations of the upper ocean processes and turbulence flux across the equatorial Indian Ocean. The mooring array will be deployed in the center of a radar sounding array consisting of two ships and two island stations, representing the core observational components of the DYNAMO/CINDY2011 program. Each mooring will be equipped with meteorological sensors, arrays of CTD sensors, moored microstructure sensors (pods), and ADCPs. Additional arrays of pods will be deployed on three nearby RAMA moorings. Combined with measurements from other atmospheric and oceanic components of DYNAMO, we will develop a detailed reconstruction of the response (recovery) of the surface mixed layer, barrier layer, shallow Seychelles-Chagos thermocline ridge, Wyrtki jet, and equatorial turbulent flux to (from) the MJO. Intellectual Merit: DYNAMO moorings will provide observations of the ocean barrier layer, upper-ocean mixing and entrainment, air-sea interaction, and overall surface mixed layer processes in the Indian Ocean which are key to the MJO initiation. These observations will be available to modelers, theoreticians, and other observational groups to better understand and predict the tropical climate system. The observations will provide physical insight into the interaction of oceanic processes with the MJO and lead to physics-based parameterizations that will improve MJO prediction skill.Broader impact: The project will introduce young scientists to complex multi-scale and air-sea interaction problems in the tropical climate system. DYNAMO observations will be used to calibrate and validate satellite retrievals, benefiting their application to much broader areas beyond MJO-related problems. Improved MJO simulation and prediction born from DYNAMO activities will enhance the capacity to deliver prediction and assessment products on intra-seasonal timescales for societal risk management and decision making, and to strengthen confidence in climate simulation and projection.

Madden-Julian振荡（MJO）的当前预测技能有限，在印度洋的起始阶段尤为差。 最先进的全球模型无法再现MJO的季节性降低了季节性的预测，并降低了对他们投射未来气候的能力的信心。 Dynamo的总体目标是加快我们对MJO在印度洋开始的关键的了解，并帮助改善MJO的模拟和预测。提议Dynamo Field运动是Cindy2011的美国组成部分（2011年10月2011年10月在印度印度印度印第安大洋地区的国际现场计划，印度洋综合季节的合作实验）。四个国家（澳大利亚，印度，日本和美国）将参加。该现场计划旨在观察云种群的结构和演变，与大规模环境的相互作用以及MJO启动过程中的空气交互过程。 将使用三个上海 /表面频泊的阵列（发电机系泊）来研究表面混合层中的海洋过程和赤道印度洋中的分层热阶层及其对MJO的启动和演变的影响。 科学目标是量化和理解上海上与MJO事件相互作用的预处理，进化和恢复的动力学，从而为MJO数值模型中的参数化方案提供准确的物理学。关键的上海洋过程对与MJO的耦合至关重要，包括：（1）表面混合层底部的湍流热通量，（2）屏障层，（3）Wyrtki Jet，（4）浅层Seechelles-Chagos Thermocline Thermocline Ridge，和（5）表面锻造的表面姿势，混合层，混合层和Tress turbulence Flux。可确定这些海洋过程影响的可检验假设，并将使用3.5个月的连续观察到赤道印度洋的上海过程和湍流通量来解决。系泊阵列将部署在一个由两个船只和两个岛电台组成的雷达声音阵列的中心中，代表了Dynamo/Cindy2011程序的核心观察组件。每个系泊设备都将配备气象传感器，CTD传感器阵列，系泊微结构传感器（POD）和ADCP。附近的三个拉玛系泊设备将部署其他吊舱。结合来自发电机的其他大气和海洋成分的测量，我们将开发出表面混合层，屏障层，浅层塞舌尔 - 沙格雷斯 - chagos热级热线脊，wyrtki射流和赤道湍流的响应（恢复）的详细重建（恢复）。智力优点：Dynamo系泊设备将提供海洋屏障层，上海上的混合和夹带，空气相互作用以及印度洋的整体表面混合层过程，这是MJO启动的关键。这些观察结果将用于建模者，理论家和其他观察群体，以更好地理解和预测热带气候系统。该观察结果将为海洋过程与MJO的相互作用提供物理洞察力，并导致基于物理的参数化，从而提高MJO预测技能。Broader的影响：该项目将在热带气候系统中向年轻科学家引入复杂的多尺度和空气互动问题。 Dynamo观察将用于校准和验证卫星检索，从而使其在与MJO相关问题的更广泛领域中受益。改进的MJO模拟和由发电机活动诞生的预测将增强对社会风险管理和决策的季节内时间尺度提供预测和评估产品的能力，并增强对气候模拟和预测的信心。