Novel Solid Amine Sorbents and Their Uses in Fluidized-Bed Process for Carbon Dioxide Separation

新型固体胺吸附剂及其在流化床二氧化碳分离过程中的应用

• 批准号: 0966959
• 负责人: Jerry Lin
• 金额: $ 20万
• 依托单位: Arizona State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-15 至 2013-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0966959&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Novel; Solid; Amine; Sorbents; Their

AbstractThe increasing use of fossil fuels to meet energy needs during the past three decades has led to much higher carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. Rising CO2 concentrations have been reported to account for half of the greenhouse effect that causes global warming. It is therefore essential to develop efficient and cost-effective CO2 management schemes to curb its emission into the atmosphere. The very high costs associated with current CO2 separation technologies require research and development of new technologies that will allow for economically acceptable methods for the capture and sequestration of CO2. Because of their unique properties due to their large porosity, open pore structure, very large surface area and very small primary particle size per unit mass, we believe that nanostructured, high surface area, high porosity, aerogels and/or silica nanopowders modified with amine groups will act as efficient super sorbents to separate CO2 from a flue gas stream. The adsorbed CO2 can then be desorbed at higher temperature, so as to regenerate the sorbents so that they can be reused over many cycles. However, no work has been reported on using these types of supports to immobilize amine to act as sorbents for CO2 capture. We also plan to configure the nanostructured sorbents in a micro-jet assisted fluidized bed rather than a packed bed. Using a fluidized bed has many advantages over a packed bed, such as low pressure drop, good mixing, temperature uniformity, continuous powder handling, and higher catalyst or sorbent effectiveness factors, which heretofore have not been utilized because of the difficulty in obtaining smooth, bubble-less fluidization of ultra-fine powders or nanostructured aerogels. Intellectual Merit: The research project will include synthesizing the amine surface-modified aerogels and silica nanopowders using a variety of chemicals with active amine functionalities, either chemically bonded to the support or immobilized within the porous support, and using different coating methods to produce an optimum amine modified sorbent. We will study the amount of amine loading and its interaction with the support by TGA/DSC and FTIR. CO2 adsorption/desorption equilibrium and kinetics on these super sorbents will be studied using a Cahn microbalance. We will then configure the most promising amine modified sorbents, first in a packed bed (for comparison purposes) and then in a fluidized bed, to measure their ability to separate carbon dioxide from simulated flue gas. We will regenerate the sorbents by raising the temperature and determining the effect of cycling the sorbent over many cycles on their adsorption/desorption and stability properties. Modeling will focus on understanding the sorption equilibrium and sorption kinetics of amine modified sorbents and predicting the performance of the fluidized bed under different operating conditions. Broader Impacts: Undergraduate and graduate students working on the research will receive broad education and training in particle technology, nanotechnology, fluidization, separation processes, and environmental science. They will also have an additional advantage of gaining an industrial perspective by interacting with Cabot and AVEKA engineers who have agreed to lend their expertise, and provide guidance and advice to the project. The Co-PIs will serve as guest lecturers in appropriate ASU undergraduate or graduate courses, where they will present different aspects of the research to ASU students in the classroom. The Co-PIs will also strive to target the large ASU undergraduate minority and woman talent pool to join the project as research students. The unique combination of using amine modified, very high surface area, nanostructured aerogels or silica nanopowders rather than micron-sized solid supports with a fluidized bed process is a transformational approach in developing a new technology for the efficient capture of CO2 from flue gas. The existing technologies for CO2 separation from flue gas consume at least 20% of the energy generated by burning coal or natural gas and also involve substantial equipment and operation costs. The successful implementation of the proposed research should offer substantial energy saving for CO2 capture because of improved CO2 sorption capacity, recyclability of the sorbent, reduced pressure drop of the fluidized bed and the ability for continuous operation. It will also serve to increase industry?s awareness of the myriad opportunities that exist for using nanostructured and nano-size particles in unique applications and will contribute to ensuring US competitiveness and technological lead in the area of CO2 capture, the reduction of greenhouse gases, and the preservation of the environment.

摘要在过去的三十年中，化石燃料的使用越来越多地满足能源需求，这导致二氧化碳排放量更高。据报道，二氧化碳浓度升高是导致全球变暖的温室效应的一半。因此，必须开发高效且具有成本效益的二氧化碳管理方案，以遏制其对大气的排放。与当前的CO2分离技术相关的非常高的成本需要研究和开发新技术，这将允许在经济上可以接受的方法来捕获和隔离CO2。由于其独特的特性由于其较大的孔隙率，开放的孔结构，非常大的表面积和每单位质量的一级粒径非常小，因此我们认为，纳米结构，高表面积，高孔隙率，高孔隙率，气凝胶和/或用胺基进行修饰的硅纳米植物会充当有效的超级毒品，以使CO2与烟气流分开。然后可以在更高的温度下解吸吸附的二氧化碳，以使吸附剂再生，以便可以在许多周期上重复使用。但是，尚无关于使用这些类型的支持固定胺作为二氧化碳捕获的吸附剂的工作。我们还计划在微型喷射辅助床而不是包装床中配置纳米结构的吸附剂。使用流化的床比包装床具有许多优势，例如低压下降，良好的混合，温度均匀性，连续的粉末处理以及较高的催化剂或吸附的有效性因素，由于难以获得对超高粉末或纳米结构的超细粉末或纳米结构的无气泡流动性的困难。智力优点：研究项目将包括使用各种具有活性胺功能的化学品合成胺表面改性的气凝胶和硅纳米植物。我们将研究胺载荷的量及其与TGA/DSC和FTIR支持的相互作用。将使用CAHN微平衡研究CO2吸附/解吸平衡和动力学。然后，我们将配置最有前途的胺修饰吸附剂，首先是在包装床中（用于比较），然后在流化的床中，以测量其将二氧化碳与模拟烟气分离的能力。我们将通过提高温度并确定在许多循环对它们的吸附/解吸和稳定性特性上循环的影响来再生吸附剂。建模将集中于了解胺修饰吸附剂的吸附平衡和吸附动力学，并预测不同工作条件下流化床的性能。更广泛的影响：从事研究的本科生和研究生将接受粒子技术，纳米技术，流化，分离过程和环境科学方面的广泛教育和培训。他们还将通过与同意提供专业知识的Cabot和Aveka工程师进行互动，并为项目提供指导和建议，从而获得工业视角的其他优势。 Co-Pis将在适当的ASU本科或研究生课程中担任客座讲师，在那里他们将向课堂上的ASU学生介绍研究的不同方面。 Co-Pis还将努力针对大型ASU本科少数族裔和女性人才库，以研究学生加入该项目。使用流化的床工艺的使用胺修饰，非常高的表面积，纳米结构的气凝胶或二氧化硅纳米固体而不是微米大小的固体支撑物的独特组合是开发新技术的一种转化方法，以有效地从烟气中捕获二氧化碳。现有的与烟气分离的技术消耗了燃烧煤或天然气产生的能量的20％，还涉及大量设备和运营成本。由于二氧化碳吸附能力提高，吸附剂的可回收性，降低流化床的压力下降以及连续运行的能力，因此成功实施拟议的研究应为CO2捕获提供大量节能。它还将提高行业对在独特应用中使用纳米结构和纳米大小的粒子存在的无数机会的认识，并将有助于确保美国在二氧化碳捕获，减少温室气体以及环境保护方面的竞争力和技术领先。