Collaborative Research : DAT: Fromgrant to commercialization: an integrated demonstration database which permits tracing, assessing, and measuring the impact of scientific funding

合作研究：DAT：从资助到商业化：一个综合示范数据库，允许跟踪、评估和衡量科学资助的影响

• 批准号: 0965341
• 负责人: Vetle Torvik
• 金额: $ 44.52万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-05-15 至 2014-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0965341&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; DAT; Fromgrant; commercialization

It has long been received wisdom that investment in science greatly facilitates the technological progress that ultimately improves economic productivity and living standards. Unfortunately, the systematic and quantitative evidence to support these arguments remains thin and expensive to produce. Name ambiguity makes this difficult: different scientists may share the same names, and conversely, the same scientist may have their name listed differently within or across publication and patent databases. As a consequence, the collaborative networks of scientists remain unidentified, and the gatekeepers between science and technology have not been systematically identified. Intellectual Merit: This project develops a large-scale database that links Medline papers and U.S. patents, through identification of individuals who authored both papers and patents using state-of-the-art name disambiguation algorithms. These patent-paper-author links in turns enable identification of similar organizations and in some cases, science/technology fields and geography. The resulting database is used in three exemplary analyses that aim to: 1) study the impact of grants upon science and technical productivity, 2) identify the gatekeepers between science and technology and study how knowledge flows between these two realms, and 3) understand how collaborative, institutional, organizational, and regional factors influence these processes. Broader Impact: The resulting database is publicly available. This both enables science policy scholars to develop systematic and convincing evidence for investment recommendations and enables person-centered research of the science-technology interface of numerous other kinds.

人们长期以来都认为，对科学的投资极大地促进了技术进步，最终提高了经济生产力和生活水平。不幸的是，支持这些论点的系统和定量证据仍然很少，而且制作成本昂贵。名称模糊性使这一点变得困难：不同的科学家可能共享相同的名称，相反，同一科学家的名称可能在出版物和专利数据库中或跨出版物和专利数据库以不同的方式列出。结果，科学家的协作网络仍然不明，科学与技术之间的把关人也没有被系统地识别。智力优势：该项目通过使用最先进的姓名消歧算法识别论文和专利的作者，开发了一个将 Medline 论文和美国专利联系起来的大型数据库。这些专利-论文-作者链接反过来可以识别类似的组织，在某些情况下还可以识别科学/技术领域和地理。由此产生的数据库用于三个示例性分析，旨在：1）研究赠款对科学和技术生产力的影响，2）确定科学和技术之间的把关人，并研究知识如何在这两个领域之间流动，3）了解如何协作、制度、组织和区域因素影响这些过程。更广泛的影响：生成的数据库是公开可用的。这既使科学政策学者能够为投资建议提供系统且令人信服的证据，又能够对许多其他类型的科学技术界面进行以人为中心的研究。