Plastidic phosphate transport and plant biomass allocation

质体磷酸盐运输和植物生物量分配

• 批准号: 0956486
• 负责人: Wayne Versaw
• 金额: $ 42.9万
• 依托单位: Texas A&M Research Foundation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-02-15 至 2014-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0956486&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Plastidic; phosphate; transport; plant; biomass

Plastids are a defining feature of plant cells. These diverse organelles are the sites of a wide array of essential processes that include photosynthesis and the subsequent partitioning of carbon between sugars for immediate use throughout the plant, and starch for temporary storage that is reclaimed during the night. Phosphate concentrations strongly influence these processes, but understanding of the transport proteins needed to coordinate plastidic phosphate levels with environmental and metabolic conditions is incomplete. The objectives of this project are to determine the transport mechanism and physiological role of phosphate transporters that reside in either chloroplasts or non-photosynthetic plastids of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Loss-of-function mutants for these transporters display unique growth and metabolic phenotypes that suggest distinct roles. Notably, a mutant for a root plastid transporter exhibits increased cell proliferation in leaves with a corresponding increase in leaf biomass. Grafting studies combined with genetic and biochemical studies will be used to test the hypothesis that carbon allocation between root and shoot tissues influences mitotic activity in leaves. This project will provide new insight into how plants integrate phosphate and carbon metabolism at the cellular level to control the physiology of photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic tissues. Moreover, these studies may have practical implications for agriculture. Graduate and undergraduate students will receive multidisciplinary research training, formal teaching opportunities, and will participate in the development and implementation of undergraduate biology education workshops.

质体是植物细胞的定义特征。这些多样的细胞器是各种基本过程的地点，包括光合作用和随后在糖之间进行碳的分配，以便在整个植物中立即使用，以及在夜间收回的临时存储淀粉。磷酸盐浓度强烈影响这些过程，但是了解质体磷酸盐水平与环境和代谢条件所需的转运蛋白的理解是不完整的。该项目的目的是确定磷酸转运蛋白的运输机制和生理作用，该转运蛋白位于模型植物拟南芥的叶绿体或非噬菌体质体中。这些转运蛋白的功能丧失突变体显示出独特的生长和代谢表型，这些表型表现出不同的作用。值得注意的是，根质体转运蛋白的突变体在叶片中表现出增加的细胞增殖，叶片生物量相应增加。结合遗传学和生化研究的嫁接研究将用于检验以下假设：根组织和芽组织之间的碳分配会影响叶片中有丝分裂活性。该项目将提供有关植物如何在细胞水平整合磷酸盐和碳代谢的新见解，以控制光合作用和非光合组织的生理。此外，这些研究可能对农业具有实际影响。研究生和本科生将接受多学科研究培训，正式的教学机会，并将参加本科生物学教育研讨会的发展和实施。