Collaborative Research: Effects of Hydrologic Processes on In Situ Stress Transients

合作研究：水文过程对原地应力瞬变的影响

• 批准号: 0944354
• 负责人: Leonid Germanovich
• 金额: $ 22.42万
• 依托单位: Georgia Tech Research Corporation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-04-01 至 2014-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0944354&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Effects; Hydrologic; Processes

Understanding how water moves and is stored within the landscape is among the most pervasive themes of hydrological research, but important aspects of the water cycle remain poorly known. The proposed research project will address current limitations in characterizing the water cycle and is motivated by two related hypotheses: 1. Hydrologically important changes in water content are sufficient to cause measurable changes in the in situ state of stress. 2. Transient changes of in situ stress can be used to estimate hydrologic fluxes and changes in storage over multiple scales.This investigation will develop conceptual and numerical methods for analyzing hydrologic processes associated with changes of in situ stress as well as instruments and field techniques for measuring these changes. New field instrumentation will be developed to measure total and effective stress changes with a target resolution of 1 Pa. A proof-of-concept field test near Clemson, SC will compare high resolution stress measurements to transient changes in water content and other processes. A more rigorous field test will take place in Kansas, where the method will be used to estimate changes in mass resulting from evapotranspiration and other effects in a riparian zone along the Arkansas River. Theoretical analyses of poroelasticity in the vadose and saturated zones will be used to evaluate how stresses are affected by changes in water content, as well as a variety of other potentially competing effects including barometric pressure change, subsurface geology, earth tides, ground water extraction, regional horizontal flows, surface impoundments, traffic, wind, temperature, etc. New field approaches are catalysts for discovery in hydrologic sciences, and the intellectual merit of the proposed investigation is that it has the potential to be such a catalyst for discovery. The investigation will provide the scientific basis for new field techniques, theoretical analyses and instrumentation that will advance the ability to characterize key aspects of the hydrological cycle (ET, change in soil moisture, recharge, stormflow, etc.) over scales from less than 1 m to greater than 100 m. The techniques developed for this project will have broad impacts by providing multi-scale data that can be used to improve: validation and calibration of remote sensing instruments and algorithms; estimates of melting or accumulation of snow pack or glaciers; assessment of rates of erosion or sediment deposition; reduction of noise and resolution of tectonic strain; assessment of rates of carbon storage; methods for scheduling irrigation; understanding mass changes resulting from forest fires, and related.

了解水在景观中如何移动和储存是水文学研究最普遍的主题之一，但水循环的重要方面仍然鲜为人知。 拟议的研究项目将解决当前表征水循环的局限性，并受到两个相关假设的推动： 1. 水文中重要的含水量变化足以引起原位应力状态的可测量变化。 2. 地应力的瞬态变化可用于估计多个尺度的水文通量和蓄水变化。本研究将开发用于分析与地应力变化相关的水文过程的概念和数值方法，以及用于分析与地应力变化相关的仪器和现场技术。测量这些变化。 将开发新的现场仪器来测量总应力和有效应力变化，目标分辨率为 1 Pa。南卡罗来纳州克莱姆森附近的概念验证现场测试将比较高分辨率应力测量与含水量和其他过程的瞬态变化。 堪萨斯州将进行更严格的现场测试，该方法将用于估计阿肯色河沿岸地区蒸散量和其他影响引起的质量变化。 对渗流区和饱和区孔隙弹性的理论分析将用于评估含水量变化对应力的影响，以及各种其他潜在的竞争效应，包括气压变化、地下地质、地球潮汐、地下水开采、区域水平流、地表蓄水、交通、风、温度等。新的实地方法是水文科学发现的催化剂，而拟议调查的智力价值在于它有潜力成为这种发现的催化剂。 该调查将为新的现场技术、理论分析和仪器提供科学基础，从而提高在小于 1 的尺度上表征水文循环关键方面（ET、土壤湿度变化、补给、风暴流等）的能力。 m 至大于 100 m。 该项目开发的技术将通过提供多尺度数据产生广泛影响，这些数据可用于改进：遥感仪器和算法的验证和校准； 积雪或冰川融化或堆积的估计； 评估侵蚀或沉积物沉积率； 减少噪音并解决构造应变；碳储存率评估；安排灌溉的方法；了解森林火灾及相关造成的大规模变化。