The Physiological Ecology of Two Antarctic Icons: Emperor Penguins and Leopard Seals

两个南极标志的生理生态：帝企鹅和豹海豹

• 批准号: 0944220
• 负责人: Paul Ponganis
• 金额: $ 39.97万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-01 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0944220&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Physiological; Ecology; Two; Antarctic; Icons

Emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) and leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) are iconic, top predators in Antarctica. Understanding their physiological ecology is essential to the assessment of their adaptability to the threats of climate change, pollution, and overfishing. The proposed research has multipronged objectives. Prior results suggest that Emperor penguins have flexible (vs. static) aerobic dive limits (ADL) that vary with the type of dive, and that the role of heart rate in utilization of oxygen stores also varies with dive type. A series of physiological measurements are proposed with backpack electrocardiogram recorders, that will allow further delineation of patterns and interrelationships among heart rate, dive behavior, and oxygen stores. Importantly, the research will be done on free diving emperors, and not individuals confined to a dive hole, thereby providing a more genuine measure of diving physiology and behavior. A separate objective is to examine foraging behavior of leopard seals, using a backpack digital camera and time depth recorder. Leopard seal behavior and prey intake is poorly quantified, but known to be significant. Accordingly the research is somewhat exploratory but will provide important baseline data. Finally, the P.I. proposes to continue long term overflight censuses of Emperor penguin colonies in the Ross Sea. Broader impacts include collaboration with National Geographic television, graduate student training, and development of sedation techniques for leopard seals.

企鹅皇帝（Aptenodytes forsteri）和豹密封（Hydrurga leptonyx）是标志性的，是南极洲的顶级捕食者。了解其生理生态学对于评估其对气候变化，污染和过度捕捞威胁的适应性至关重要。拟议的研究具有多收益的目标。先前的结果表明，企鹅皇帝具有随着潜水类型而变化的灵活（与静态）有氧潜水极限（ADL），而心率在利用氧气储存中的作用也随潜水类型而变化。 提出了一系列的生理测量值，该测量值将在心率，潜水行为和氧气存储中进一步描述模式和相互关系。 重要的是，这项研究将是对自由潜水皇帝进行的，而不是局限于潜水孔的人，从而提供了更真实的潜水生理学和行为度量。 一个单独的目标是使用背包数码相机和时间深度录音机检查豹密封的觅食行为。 豹密封行为和猎物的摄入量很差，但已知很重要。 因此，该研究有些探索性，但将提供重要的基线数据。 最后，P.I.提议继续长期在罗斯海皇帝企鹅殖民地的越过跨越的人口普查。 更广泛的影响包括与国家地理电视，研究生培训以及为豹密封的镇静技术的开发。