CubeSat: CubeSat for Ions, Neutrals, Electron, and Magnetic Fields (CINEMA)

CubeSat：用于离子、中性、电子和磁场的 CubeSat（电影院）

• 批准号: 0940313
• 负责人: Robert Lin
• 金额: $ 89万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-10-01 至 2012-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0940313&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CubeSat; Ions; Neutrals; Electron; Magnetic

The objective of this three-year cross-disciplinary team effort is to build and operate a tiny, so-called CubeSat, spacecraft. CINEMA (CubeSat for Ions, Neutrals, Electron, and Magnetic Fields) is a 3U CubeSat carrying a particle sensor and a magnetometer. The particle instrument is a further development of a particle sensor that was flown on the NASA STEREO mission. The Suprathermal Electrons, Ions, Neutrals (STEIN) instrument is an enhancement of STEREO/STE, including an electrostatic deflector. CINEMA's STEIN instrument will image ring current and substorm injected particles in local time at a cadence as fast as 30 s (spin period), through 4-20 keV (energy range of the bulk of ring current ions) ENA (Energetic Neutral Atom) measurements with high sensitivity and energy resolution (approx. 1 keV). The spin axis and imaging plane of STEIN have been specifically chosen to rapidly image the storm-time asymmetric ring-current pressure distribution that drives the Region 2 currents into the ionosphere (the fundamental M-I coupling mechanism). CINEMA will provide in situ electron and ion measurements extending approximately from 2-4 keV to 100 keV from a single detector. The magnetometer will be supplied by Imperial College. It uses a magneto resistive element and will be deployed on a spring-loaded 1m long boom. An extensive national and international team will contribute to the project. Partners include NASA Ames, Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Johns Hopkins University/APL, Kyung-Hee University, Korea, and Imperial College London, United Kingdom. Specifically, KHU will provide a second identical CINEMA spacecraft (in orbit), developed with Korean World Class University (WCU) program funding. The plan is that both spacecraft be launched into high inclination low Earth orbits (LEOs) in 2011 for a one-year nominal science mission. The double CINEMA project will provide unique, high sensitivity ENA mapping and high cadence movies of ring current ENAs in stereo from low earth orbit. It will also make 2-point direct supra-thermal electron and ion measurements in the auroral and ring current precipitation regions and elsewhere in the magnetosphere.Space weather refers to conditions in space that can influence the performance and reliability of space-borne and ground-based technological systems. Understanding magnetic storms, substorms and particle precipitation are fundamentally important space weather research goals. CINEMA will provide a powerful new capability for high sensitivity and energy resolution imaging from LEO, especially of the azimuthal dependence of the ring current. Azimuthal pressure gradients can drive storm time magnetospheric-ionospheric coupling, and Sub-Auroral Polarization Streams (SAPS). Ions of these energies are hypothesized to drive the generation of EMIC waves that precipitate MeV-energy "killer" electrons. In addition, the development of the miniature sensors and spinning cubesat system is important for future space weather research conducted by constellations of tens or more, small (cubesat-sized) spacecraft. The project will pursue scientific discovery while providing unique and inspiring educational opportunities. It relies on extensive undergraduate and graduate student involvement through all aspects of the mission. The involvement of students in every area of the project will provide educational benefits at all of the participating institutions. In addition to the hands-on work, the mission will provide material for classes that will serve to motivate students with regard to science and engineering. The new, largely unproven technology involved in cubesat missions, inherently makes the project associated with significant risks. On the other hand, however, the project has tremendous potential to be transformational not only within its own research area but also for the larger field of space science and atmospheric research as well as within aerospace engineering and education. In addition, the project will be one of the first two to carry out a multi-spacecraft CubeSat mission, thus pushing the limit of this emerging technology.

这项为期三年的跨学科团队努力的目的是建造和运营一个小的，所谓的立方体航天器。 Cinema（离子，中性，电子和磁场的立方体）是一个带有颗粒传感器和磁力计的3U立方体。 粒子仪器是在NASA立体声任务上飞行的粒子传感器的进一步开发。 超电子，离子，中性（Stein）仪器是立体/Ste的增强，包括静电偏转器。 Cinema的Stein仪器将在节奏中以4-20 keV（旋转周期）的速度（旋转周期）在当地时间对环电流和实体注入颗粒，并通过4-20 keV（环的大部分环离子）ena（能量中性原子）测量具有高灵敏度和能量分辨率（约1 KEV）。 已经选择了STEIN的自旋轴和成像平面，以快速成像风暴时间不对称环形压力分布，将区域2电流驱动到电离层（基本的M-I耦合机制）。 电影院将提供原位电子和离子测量结果，从单个检测器延伸至100 keV。 磁力计将由帝国大学提供。 它使用磁电阻元件，并将部署在弹簧的1m长吊杆上。 一支广泛的国家和国际团队将为该项目做出贡献。合作伙伴包括美国国家航空航天局，美国国际局，波多黎各大学，约翰·霍普金斯大学/APL，韩国Kyung-hee大学和英国帝国学院。 具体来说，Khu将提供第二个相同的电影院航天器（IN Orbit），该航天器（在韩国世界一流的大学（WCU）计划资金中开发。该计划是，这两个航天器都在2011年将其发射到高倾斜度低的地球轨道（LEO）中，以进行为期一年的名义科学任务。 Double Cinema Project将提供独特的，高灵敏度的ENA映射，并在低地球轨道中的立体声中的Ring Current ENA的高节奏电影。它还将在极光和环电流降水区以及磁层中的其他地方进行2点直接的超电子和离子测量值。空间天气是指可能影响太空生存和地面的性能和可靠性的空间条件基于技术系统。了解磁性风暴，实体和颗粒降水是从根本上重要的太空天气研究目标。电影院将为狮子座（尤其是环电流的方位角依赖性）提供高灵敏度和能量分辨率成像的强大新能力。方位压力梯度可以驱动风暴时间磁层离子层耦合，并驱动下引起的极化流（SAPS）。假设这些能量的离子可以驱动沉淀MeV能量“杀手”电子的EMIC波的产生。此外，微型传感器和旋转立方体系统的开发对于由数十个或更多（立方体大小）航天器的星座进行的未来太空天气研究很重要。 该项目将追求科学发现，同时提供独特而鼓舞人心的教育机会。它依赖于通过任务的各个方面的广泛的本科和研究生参与。学生参与该项目的每个领域都将为所有参与机构提供教育福利。 除了实践工作外，任务还将为课程提供材料，以激励学生在科学和工程方面。 新的，在很大程度上未经证实的技术参与了立方体任务，本质上使该项目与重大风险相关。 但是，另一方面，该项目具有巨大的潜力，不仅可以在其自己的研究领域内，而且在更大的太空科学和大气研究领域以及航空航天工程和教育领域。此外，该项目将是执行多飞船立方体任务的前两个项目之一，从而推动了这种新兴技术的限制。