Short Course on "Diffusion in Minerals and Melts"

“矿物和熔体的扩散”短期课程

• 批准号: 0940055
• 负责人: Youxue Zhang
• 金额: $ 1.47万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-10-01 至 2011-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0940055&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Short; Course; Diffusion; Minerals; Melts

This is an award to partially support the participation of 55 students and other early-career investigators in a Mineralogical Society of America (MSA) short course on "Diffusion in Minerals and Melts". It is expected that this short course will educate and train a large number of graduate students and practitioners on diffusion in minerals and melts, and the various geological applications. Diffusion is due to random motion of atoms, ions and molecules in solids, melts, fluids, and gases. Even though the process is microscopic, the effects can be macroscopic. For example, the initial phase of a gas-driven eruption is powered by bubble nucleation and growth, which is in turn controlled by diffusion that brings gas molecules into bubbles. Crystal growth and dissolution, key processes in magma solidification and evolution, are partially controlled by diffusion. Homogenization of zoned crystals and equilibrium between minerals require diffusion. One of the most important applications of diffusion is the inverse problem, to infer thermal histories such as closure temperature, apparent equilibrium temperature, and cooling rates from diffusion properties. Thermochronology and its applications to tectonic and erosion rates require a thorough understanding of diffusion in minerals. Furthermore, many geospeedometers for inferring cooling rates of rocks involve diffusion. In order to help students and practitioners to understand the basics of diffusion, and more importantly the experimental diffusion data and their applications to geological problems, the proposers will organize a Short Course on "Diffusion in Minerals and Melts" as part of the highly successful Short Course series by the MSA. Associated with the Short Course will be the publication of a RiMG (Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry) volume. The Course will focus on diffusion at high to moderate temperatures in minerals and silicate melts. Although theoretical aspects will be covered, the emphasis will be on fundamental details of diffusion for direct application to geological problems, including (1) experimental methods, (2) analytical techniques, (3) a summary and assessment of diffusion data in minerals and melts (including the data and equations), and (4) various geological applications. The RiMG volume resulting from the Short Course will be a useful reference for high temperature diffusion in geology, where readers will find the necessary theoretical background, detailed discussion about experimental and analytical methods, and evaluated diffusion data. An online supplement of all collected data in a unified format will be posted on MSA web site.

该奖项部分支持 55 名学生和其他早期职业研究人员参加美国矿物学会 (MSA) 的“矿物和熔体扩散”短期课程。预计这个短期课程将教育和培训大量研究生和从业人员，了解矿物和熔体的扩散以及各种地质应用。扩散是由于固体、熔体、流体和气体中原子、离子和分子的随机运动造成的。尽管这个过程是微观的，但其影响可能是宏观的。例如，气体驱动喷发的初始阶段由气泡成核和生长提供动力，而气泡成核和生长又受到将气体分子带入气泡的扩散控制。晶体生长和溶解是岩浆凝固和演化的关键过程，部分受扩散控制。分区晶体的均匀化和矿物之间的平衡需要扩散。扩散最重要的应用之一是反演问题，从扩散特性推断热历史，例如闭合温度、表观平衡温度和冷却速率。热年代学及其在构造和侵蚀速率方面的应用需要对矿物扩散有透彻的了解。此外，许多用于推断岩石冷却速率的地球速度计都涉及扩散。为了帮助学生和实践者了解扩散的基础知识，更重要的是了解实验扩散数据及其在地质问题中的应用，提议者将组织一门关于“矿物和熔体扩散”的短期课程，作为非常成功的短期课程的一部分MSA 的系列课程。 与短期课程相关的还有 RiMG（矿物学和地球化学评论）卷的出版。本课程将重点关注高温至中等温度下矿物和硅酸盐熔体的扩散。尽管将涵盖理论方面，但重点将放在直接应用于地质问题的扩散的基本细节上，包括（1）实验方法，（2）分析技术，（3）矿物和熔体扩散数据的总结和评估（包括数据和方程），以及（4）各种地质应用。短期课程产生的 RiMG 卷将成为地质学中高温扩散的有用参考，读者将在其中找到必要的理论背景、有关实验和分析方法的详细讨论以及评估扩散数据。所有收集到的数据的在线补充将以统一格式发布在 MSA 网站上。