Hominin Gait Optimization and Analysis Using Evolutionary Dynamic Modeling

使用进化动态模型进行人科步态优化和分析

• 批准号: 0924609
• 负责人: William Smart
• 金额: $ 2.05万
• 依托单位: Washington University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-15 至 2010-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0924609&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Hominin; Gait; Optimization; Analysis; Using

Understanding the evolutionary pressures that shaped the human lineage requires an understanding of complex, dynamic interactions between multiple selection pressures, species' anatomy and locomotor control, and the environment. Evolutionary modeling using computer simulation is well-suited to this type of investigation because it is inherently dynamic and quantitative. However, it remains an underutilized approach in biological anthropology.This project will harness recent advances in computer science and machine learning to develop and validate the techniques underpinning a new approach for investigating locomotor control and evolutionary change in chimpanzees, humans, and extinct hominins. Specifically, the project will develop computational optimization techniques for use in the open-source OpenSim modeling and simulation framework. These techniques, coupled with forward dynamics simulations of complex musculo-skeletal systems (such as humans), will be used to learn the best gait for a given optimization criterion, such as minimizing metabolic cost. The resulting gait, along with the force data generated by the simulation, will be compared to data obtained from the measurement of live subjects to ensure the validity of the approach.This pilot project focusing on modeling human locomotion is a first step towards a fuller investigation of the control regimes and morphological optimization of chimpanzees, humans, and fossil hominins. Understanding the control regimes (e.g. minimizing cost, maximizing stability, or speed) underlying human and chimpanzee gait is critical for reconstructing locomotor evolution in hominins and hominoids.

要了解塑造人类谱系的进化压力，需要了解多重选择压力、物种解剖结构和运动控制以及环境之间复杂的动态相互作用。 使用计算机模拟的进化建模非常适合此类研究，因为它本质上是动态和定量的。 然而，它在生物人类学中仍然是一种未得到充分利用的方法。该项目将利用计算机科学和机器学习的最新进展来开发和验证支持新方法的技术，用于研究黑猩猩、人类和灭绝的人类的运动控制和进化变化。 具体来说，该项目将开发用于开源 OpenSim 建模和仿真框架的计算优化技术。 这些技术与复杂肌肉骨骼系统（例如人类）的正向动力学模拟相结合，将用于学习给定优化标准的最佳步态，例如最小化代谢成本。 由此产生的步态以及模拟生成的力数据将与从活体测量中获得的数据进行比较，以确保该方法的有效性。这个专注于人体运动建模的试点项目是迈向更全面调查的第一步黑猩猩、人类和古人类化石的控制机制和形态优化。 了解人类和黑猩猩步态的控制机制（例如最小化成本、最大化稳定性或速度）对于重建古人类和类人猿的运动进化至关重要。