SGER: Pathfinder Demonstration of Stabilized Speckle Integral Field Spectroscopy

SGER：稳定散斑积分场光谱的探路者演示

• 批准号: 0917758
• 负责人: Stephen Eikenberry
• 金额: $ 9.78万
• 依托单位: University of Florida
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-07-01 至 2011-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0917758&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SGER; Pathfinder; Demonstration; Stabilized; Speckle

Telescopes on the ground must observe objects in deep space through the interference of the earth's atmosphere. As light passes through the atmosphere it gets spread into rapidly varying "speckle" patterns by turbulence due to wind shear and changes in the atmosphere's temperature and pressure. This effectively diminishes the resolving power of earth-based telescopes. There are two primary techniques to correct for these effects: speckle imaging and adaptive optics. Adaptive optics is very successful but is also very complex and expensive to install, maintain, and operate. The speckle technique uses a fast camera to record the motion of the objects seen through the telescope. After the data are gathered, post-processing software is used to shift and align the image frames so that they can be added together to generate a higher-resolution picture. There are many kinds of astronomical science that benefit greatly from improved image resolution.Dr. Eikenberry is pursuing a technique that would enable the speckle technique to be used in real-time. This would allow not only immediate image reconstruction but also permit the higher resolution telescope light to be passed on to another instrument. His goal is to feed the light into a spectrograph which spreads the light out like a rainbow. With the higher resolution that his technique will enable, scientists will be able to learn how the characteristics (relative velocities and chemical composition) of objects vary with position. Dr. Eikenberry is mentoring a graduate student whose PhD thesis work will involve developing the new prototype instrument.

地面望远镜必须通过地球大气层的干扰来观察深空物体。 当光穿过大气层时，由于风切变以及大气温度和压力的变化而产生的湍流，它会传播成快速变化的“散斑”图案。 这有效地降低了地基望远镜的分辨率。 有两种主要技术可以纠正这些影响：散斑成像和自适应光学。 自适应光学系统非常成功，但安装、维护和操作也非常复杂且昂贵。 散斑技术使用快速相机记录通过望远镜看到的物体的运动。 收集数据后，使用后处理软件移动和对齐图像帧，以便将它们添加在一起以生成更高分辨率的图片。 许多天文科学都从图像分辨率的提高中受益匪浅。 Eikenberry 正在寻求一种能够实时使用散斑技术的技术。 这不仅可以立即重建图像，还可以将更高分辨率的望远镜光传递到另一台仪器。 他的目标是将光线输入光谱仪，光谱仪将光线像彩虹一样散开。 凭借他的技术所实现的更高分辨率，科学家将能够了解物体的特性（相对速度和化学成分）如何随位置变化。 Eikenberry 博士正在指导一名研究生，其博士论文工作将涉及开发新的原型仪器。