Collaborative Research: Bivalves in time and space: testing the accuracy of methods to reconstruct ancestral morphology, dates, geography, and diversification patterns

合作研究：时间和空间上的双壳类：测试重建祖先形态、日期、地理和多样化模式的方法的准确性

• 批准号: 0919451
• 负责人: David Jablonski
• 金额: $ 23.66万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-01 至 2014-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0919451&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Bivalves; time; space

This project seeks to develop bivalve molluscs as a preeminent model for evolutionary studies that span long periods of time. Evolutionary family trees (phylogenies) will be constructed for two families of bivalves, the cockles/giant clams and the pitarines, using a combination of DNA sequence data and morphology. These phylogenies will include 200 living and 100-200 extinct species and will be combined with computer simulations and the exceptional bivalve fossil record to test the accuracy of common methods in evolutionary estimation and reconstruction. Specifically, the project will test methods that use data from living species to estimate the ages, physical traits, and geographic distributions of ancestors throughout history. Nearly every aspect of modern comparative biology rests on the assumption that a phylogeny can be used to reconstruct the evolution of a variety of ancestral attributes. But reconstructions based on living species have broad uncertainties because the methods have not been tested against a precise history as represented in the fossil record. The bivalves are ideal for this effort because they are abundant today but also and have a rich fossil record. By using bivalves as a model to test all the major methods of reconstructing ancestral traits, ages, and distributions the results of this research will have far reaching impacts on fields as diverse as genomics, immunology, and ecology. As part of this effort the project will also train students from the high school to postdoctoral levels and will disseminate results broadly.

该项目旨在开发双外软体动物，作为跨越长时间的进化研究的杰出模型。将使用DNA序列数据和形态的组合，为两个双壳类，鸡蛋/巨型蛤s和pitarines的家族建造进化的家谱（系统发育）。这些系统发育将包括200种生命和100-200种灭绝的物种，并将与计算机模拟以及非凡的双壳类化石记录结合使用，以测试常见方法在进化估计和重建中的准确性。具体而言，该项目将测试使用来自活物种的数据来估计祖先在整个历史上的年龄，身体特征和地理分布的方法。现代比较生物学的几乎每个方面都基于这样的假设，即可以使用系统发育来重建各种祖先属性的演变。但是，基于生物物种的重建具有广泛的不确定性，因为这些方法尚未针对化石记录中所示的精确历史进行测试。双壳类是这项工作的理想选择，因为它们今天很丰富，但也具有丰富的化石记录。通过使用双壳类动物作为模型来测试重建祖先特征，年龄和分布的所有主要方法，这项研究的结果将对像基因组学，免疫学和生态学等多样性产生影响。作为这项努力的一部分，该项目还将培训高中的学生到博士后水平，并将广泛传播结果。