PostDoctoral Research Fellowship

博士后研究奖学金

• 批准号: 0905966
• 负责人: Bryan Sykes
• 金额: $ 12万
• 依托单位: Sykes Bryan L
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-15 至 2011-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0905966&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: PostDoctoral; Research; Fellowship

This National Science Foundation Minority Postdoctoral Fellowship will create new knowledge about the relationship between residential segregation and crime. This project will develop statistical and economic models to ascertain the direction of causality between segregation and crime, in addition to investigating the optimum levels of racial integration that minimize crime rates. Previous research has not given much attention to these questions and consequently overlooks the possibility that residential segregation may not cause crime if levels of racial segregation remain stagnant while crime rates decline.Using a uniquely constructed dataset, the Fellow will investigate how the stability of neighborhood racial segregation is causally related to the precipitous and unexpected decline in crime during the mid to late 1990s. This period presents a unique opportunity to understand whether the decline in crime was caused by segregation stabilization or slight gains racial integration because of vast economic expansion and minimal changes in residential locations by race. By holding constant the level of segregation, or when increases in segregation cease for a neighborhood, the Fellow will dissect changes in crime rates that would not be due to increases in segregation beyond its initial neighborhood level. This would be evidence that segregation does not cause the waxing or waning of crime rates. The major implication would be that crime rates cause segregation or have no effect.The Fellow will use cities that did not experience changes in their segregation measures as counterfactuals for cities that experienced change by employing an innovative and new methodological technique in experimental and causal studies: the synthetic control method. This method will allow the Fellow to make causal inferences in comparative case studies with aggregate data, even if the data contain a single city that is exposed to an event or intervention (segregation stability) over time. This research project will be conducted at the University of Washington, under the direction of Dr. Ross Matsueda in the Sociology Department. Dr. Matsueda?s current and previous work explores the role of segregation, racial perceptions, and urban structural inequality in explaining urban crime patterns using a variety of statistical methods. His research incorporates social demography with careful analyses of crime, and the University of Washington has both the relevant contacts and intellectual resources necessary to carry out the Fellow?s proposed research and training in crime, methods, and demography.The Fellow intends to expand his training by auditing courses on crime, graphical information systems, and statistics (Bayesian and hierarchical models). The fellowship tenure will enable the Fellow to submit dissertation articles for publication, complete and present this proposed project, and attend departmental seminars in demography, statistics, and sociology.

这个国家科学基金会少数族裔博士后奖学金将为住宅隔离与犯罪之间的关系创造新的知识。 该项目将开发统计和经济模型，以确定种族隔离和犯罪之间因果关系的方向，此外还研究了最佳的种族融合水平，以最大程度地降低犯罪率。 先前的研究并没有给这些问题引起太多关注，因此忽略了如果种族隔离水平仍然停滞时，住宅隔离可能不会导致犯罪，而犯罪率下降。使用一个独特的数据集，该研究员将研究邻里种族隔离的稳定性如何与1990年代中期犯罪的急剧下降和意外的犯罪相关。 这一时期提供了一个独特的机会，可以理解犯罪的下降是由于种族隔离稳定而导致的，还是由于种族的巨大经济扩张和住宅区的最小变化而造成的种族融合。 通过保持隔离水平，或者当邻里的种族隔离停止时，该研究员将剖析犯罪率的变化，而犯罪率的变化并不是由于隔离的增加，而不是其最初的邻里水平。这可以证明隔离不会导致犯罪率的上蜡或下降。主要的含义是犯罪率会导致种族隔离或无效。该研究员将使用没有经历其隔离措施变化的城市作为对城市的反事实，这些城市通过在实验和因果研究中采用创新和新的方法论技术而经历了变化：合成控制方法。 这种方法将使研究员在与汇总数据的比较案例研究中进行因果推断，即使数据包含一个随着时间的时间暴露于事件或干预措施（隔离稳定性）的单个城市。 该研究项目将在社会学系罗斯·马图达（Ross Matsueda）博士的指导下在华盛顿大学进行。 Matsueda博士的当前和以前的工作探讨了种族隔离，种族看法和城市结构不平等的作用在使用各种统计方法解释城市犯罪模式中的作用。他的研究结合了社会人口统计学和仔细的犯罪分析，华盛顿大学拥有相关的联系和知识资源，以进行犯罪，方法和人口统计学的拟议研究和培训所需的相关联系和智力资源。该研究员打算通过审核犯罪，图形信息系统和统计数据（Bayesian and Statistics and Statistics and Statistical and Statistical（Bayesian and Statistical and Starticals）来扩展他的培训（Bayesian and Statistical）。 奖学金任期将使研究员能够提交论文文章出版，完成并介绍该拟议项目，并参加人口统计学，统计和社会学的部门研讨会。