"CSEDI: From fine to global scales: Integrated studies of the structure, dynamics, and mineral physics of the lower mantle"

“CSEDI：从精细到全球尺度：下地幔结构、动力学和矿物物理的综合研究”

• 批准号: 0855815
• 负责人: Michael Gurnis
• 金额: $ 35万
• 依托单位: California Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-05-01 至 2012-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0855815&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CSEDI; fine; global; scales; Integrated

The solid earth, the earth excluding the oceans and atmosphere, is a giant heat engine responsible for not only continental drift and plate tectonics, but also geological hazards (especially those from giant earthquakes) and for the formation of mineral and hydrocarbon resources. The purpose of this research is to better understand how this heat engine works by focusing on the earth's lower mantle. The lower mantle is the largest region of the planet by volume and the heat sources and physical processes there play a critical role in determining how the heat engine works. In this project, we will take a cooperative approach in which we will understand the basic material properties of earth materials under extreme pressures and temperatures; incorporate those experimental results into three-dimensional simulations of the earth's interior; and then test the predictions of both approaches with detailed studies of seismic waves passing through the earth's deep interior. We believe that there are three areas in which our work will have broad impact. First, our specialized work on the lower mantle is of broad interest to the scientific community because it improves our understanding of how the earth works as an interconnected, dynamic system. Second, we will partially support and mentor three Caltech graduate students in the Seismology Lab. and thereby contribute to the training of the next generation of scientists in the U.S. Third, our multidisciplinary approach will allow our students to become leaders in the internationally competitive field of global geophysics.Seismologists have revealed that the mantle side of the core mantle boundary (D") is extraordinarily complex with a myriad of fine structure (e.g. ~10 km to a few 100 km's). Thermal and chemical heterogeneity, solid-solid phase transitions, and melting within the lower mantle are probably all required in order to explain observed structure and suggest that the lower boundary of the mantle is as complex as the continental crust. Understanding the origin of the fine scale structure of the lower mantle, in general, and D", in particular, is key toward understanding how the solid Earth works as a globally interconnected system. In order to better understand this region from the different means available, this work will involve collaboration between a seismologist, a geodynamist, and an experimental mineral physicist.

固体地球，不包括海洋和大气，是一个巨大的加热发动机，不仅负责大陆漂移和板块构造，而且还负责地质危害（尤其是来自巨型地震的危害），也是矿物质和碳氢化合物资源的形成。这项研究的目的是通过关注地球的下层地幔如何更好地了解这种热发动机的工作方式。较低的地幔是地球上规模最大的区域，在确定热发动机的工作原理方面，那里的热源和物理过程在确定热点方面起着至关重要的作用。 在这个项目中，我们将采用一种合作的方法，在这种方法中，我们将了解地球材料在极端压力和温度下的基本材料。将这些实验结果纳入地球内部的三维模拟中。然后通过详细研究通过地球深内部的地震波进行详细研究测试两种方法的预测。我们认为，我们的工作在三个领域都会产生广泛的影响。首先，我们在下地幔方面的专业工作对科学界引起了广泛的兴趣，因为它可以提高我们对地球如何作为一种相互联系的动态系统的理解。其次，我们将在地震学实验室中部分支持和指导三位加州理工学院的研究生。 and thereby contribute to the training of the next generation of scientists in the U.S. Third, our multidisciplinary approach will allow our students to become leaders in the internationally competitive field of global geophysics.Seismologists have revealed that the mantle side of the core mantle boundary (D") is extraordinarily complex with a myriad of fine structure (e.g. ~10 km to a few 100 km's). Thermal and chemical heterogeneity,为了解释观察到的结构，可能需要所有的固体相变和熔化，并表明地幔的下边界与大陆地壳一样复杂。为了从可用的不同手段中更好地理解该区域，这项工作将涉及地震学家，地球动力学家和实验性矿物质学家之间的合作。