SGER: Understanding Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Community Response to Natural Disaster

SGER：了解社区应对自然灾害的时空动态

• 批准号: 0848403
• 负责人: Kathleen Stewart
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Iowa
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-15 至 2010-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0848403&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SGER; Understanding; Spatiotemporal; Dynamics; Community

While the magnitude of natural disasters can be great, community responses before, during, and after calamitous events can also be significant. Community response includes both top-down and bottom-up activities, including activities coordinated by elected or appointed community leaders and the efforts of neighborhood residents to self-organize to protect the local environment. This Small Grant for Exploratory Research will examine the dynamics of community response to the June 2008 flood of the Iowa River in Iowa City, Iowa, a flood that crested at a level more than 9 feet (2.7 meters) above the river's flood level of 22 feet (6.7 meters) and 20 feet (6.1 m) above the river's median gage height for mid-June. (The peak flood flow rate of more than 40,000 cubic feet per second (1,130 cubic meters per second). was more than ten times the median flow rate for the same time period.) The investigators will collect time-sensitive data that will provide a foundation for modeling community response to a significant natural disaster. They will focus first on collecting data regarding the community's physical response to the flood, such as where, to what height, and when did sandbagging operations occur). They also will start to collect data about what strategies were followed to protect local buildings by conducting interviews to ascertain why sandbags were deployed to particular locations and what influenced decisions to reallocate resources. These interviews will be conducted with City of Iowa City administrators and University of Iowa facilities management staff to gather details about the sequence of actions associated with their attempts to save property and reduce damage and disruption. These data will be used to compare the spatiotemporal characteristics of the actual response with stated objectives in order to understand how objectives shifted during as the disaster unfolded. These data will be the used as input the development of spatially explicit simulation models that integrate physical flood characteristics with the spatiotemporal characteristics of top-down and self-organized community responses.This project will enhance basic understanding about the ways that communities respond to natural disasters like floods, with results that can be generalized to other locations as well as other types of disasters. The project will be especially valuable for helping to compare the spatiotemporal characteristics of the actual response with stated objectives in order to understand how objectives shifted during an ongoing disaster. The project will provide valuable education and training opportunities for a number of students, and it will help city and university administrators evaluate what transpired during the June 2008 flood, thereby enabling them to be more effective in preparing for and responding to future emergencies.

虽然自然灾害的严重程度可能很大，但灾难事件之前、期间和之后的社区反应也可能很重要。 社区响应包括自上而下和自下而上的活动，包括由选举或任命的社区领导人协调的活动以及社区居民自我组织以保护当地环境的努力。 这笔探索性研究小额赠款将研究社区对 2008 年 6 月爱荷华州爱荷华市爱荷华河洪水的动态反应，这场洪水的水位比河流洪水水位 22 米高出 9 英尺（2.7 米）以上。 6 月中旬河流中位标高分别为 6.7 米（6.7 米）和 6.1 m（20 英尺）。 （峰值洪水流量超过每秒 40,000 立方英尺（1,130 立方米每秒）。是同一时期中位流量的十倍以上。）调查人员将收集时间敏感的数据，这些数据将提供为社区对重大自然灾害的响应进行建模的基础。 他们将首先关注收集有关社区对洪水的实际反应的数据，例如沙袋作业发生的地点、高度以及时间。 他们还将开始收集有关保护当地建筑物所采取的策略的数据，通过进行访谈来查明为什么将沙袋部署到特定位置以及是什么影响了重新分配资源的决策。这些访谈将与爱荷华市管理人员和爱荷华大学设施管理人员进行，以收集与他们试图挽救财产并减少损坏和破坏相关的行动顺序的详细信息。 这些数据将用于将实际响应的时空特征与既定目标进行比较，以了解灾难发生期间目标如何变化。 这些数据将用作开发空间明确模拟模型的输入，该模型将物理洪水特征与自上而下和自组织社区响应的时空特征相结合。该项目将增强对社区应对自然灾害方式的基本了解就像洪水一样，其结果可以推广到其他地点以及其他类型的灾害。 该项目对于帮助将实际响应的时空特征与既定目标进行比较特别有价值，以便了解目标在持续灾难期间如何发生变化。 该项目将为许多学生提供宝贵的教育和培训机会，并将帮助城市和大学管理人员评估 2008 年 6 月洪水期间发生的情况，从而使他们能够更有效地准备和应对未来的紧急情况。