SGER: Understanding Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Community Response to Natural Disaster

SGER：了解社区应对自然灾害的时空动态

• 批准号: 0848403
• 负责人: Kathleen Stewart
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Iowa
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-15 至 2010-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0848403&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SGER; Understanding; Spatiotemporal; Dynamics; Community

While the magnitude of natural disasters can be great, community responses before, during, and after calamitous events can also be significant. Community response includes both top-down and bottom-up activities, including activities coordinated by elected or appointed community leaders and the efforts of neighborhood residents to self-organize to protect the local environment. This Small Grant for Exploratory Research will examine the dynamics of community response to the June 2008 flood of the Iowa River in Iowa City, Iowa, a flood that crested at a level more than 9 feet (2.7 meters) above the river's flood level of 22 feet (6.7 meters) and 20 feet (6.1 m) above the river's median gage height for mid-June. (The peak flood flow rate of more than 40,000 cubic feet per second (1,130 cubic meters per second). was more than ten times the median flow rate for the same time period.) The investigators will collect time-sensitive data that will provide a foundation for modeling community response to a significant natural disaster. They will focus first on collecting data regarding the community's physical response to the flood, such as where, to what height, and when did sandbagging operations occur). They also will start to collect data about what strategies were followed to protect local buildings by conducting interviews to ascertain why sandbags were deployed to particular locations and what influenced decisions to reallocate resources. These interviews will be conducted with City of Iowa City administrators and University of Iowa facilities management staff to gather details about the sequence of actions associated with their attempts to save property and reduce damage and disruption. These data will be used to compare the spatiotemporal characteristics of the actual response with stated objectives in order to understand how objectives shifted during as the disaster unfolded. These data will be the used as input the development of spatially explicit simulation models that integrate physical flood characteristics with the spatiotemporal characteristics of top-down and self-organized community responses.This project will enhance basic understanding about the ways that communities respond to natural disasters like floods, with results that can be generalized to other locations as well as other types of disasters. The project will be especially valuable for helping to compare the spatiotemporal characteristics of the actual response with stated objectives in order to understand how objectives shifted during an ongoing disaster. The project will provide valuable education and training opportunities for a number of students, and it will help city and university administrators evaluate what transpired during the June 2008 flood, thereby enabling them to be more effective in preparing for and responding to future emergencies.

虽然自然灾害的大小可能很大，但灾难性事件之前，期间和之后的社区反应也可能很重要。 社区反应包括自上而下和自下而上的活动，包括由当选或任命的社区领导人协调的活动以及邻里居民自组织以保护当地环境的努力。 这项用于探索性研究的小赠款将研究社区对爱荷华州爱荷华州爱荷华河洪水的反应动态，这是一条洪水，在河流的洪水高度超过9英尺（2.7米）的水平上，高于22英尺（6.7米）和20英尺（6.7米）和20英尺（6.1 m）的洪水，高于河中期高度的中等高度。 （峰值洪水流量超过40,000立方英尺（每秒1,130立方米）。同一时期的中位流速的中位流速的十倍以上。）调查人员将收集时间敏感的数据，这将为对社区对重要自然灾害的反应建模基础。 他们将首先专注于收集有关社区对洪水的物理反应的数据，例如在哪里，何时何时以及何时发生沙袋操作）。 他们还将开始收集有关遵循哪些策略来保护当地建筑物的数据，以确定为什么沙袋被部署到特定地点，以及什么影响了重新分配资源的决策。这些访谈将与爱荷华市的管理人员和爱荷华大学的设施管理人员进行，以收集有关其企图保存财产并减少损害和破坏的措施的详细信息。 这些数据将用于将实际响应的时空特征与既定目标进行比较，以了解随着灾难的展开，目标的变化。 这些数据将被用作输入空间明确的模拟模型的发展，这些模型将物理洪水特征与自上而下和自组织的社区反应的时空特征相结合。该项目将增强对社区对自然灾害洪水的反应方式的基本理解，以及可以将其推广到其他位置以及其他类型的疾病以及其他类型的疾病。 该项目对于帮助将实际响应的时空特征与既定目标进行比较，以了解目标在正在进行的灾难中的变化是特别有价值的。 该项目将为许多学生提供宝贵的教育和培训机会，它将帮助城市和大学管理人员评估2008年6月在洪水期间发生的事情，从而使他们能够更加有效地准备并响应未来的紧急情况。